NEBOSH International Diploma Essay Example for Free

NEBOSH International Diploma experimentI INTRODUCTIONNalanda Associates is committed to achieving Health, Safety, and Security and Environmental forethought for all its activities as an integral dissociate of our business. The purpose of Nalanda Associates HSSE watchfulness System (HSSE-MS) is to provide the framework and structure for the delivery of the highest level of HSSE Performance in accordance with best industry practice.I.1 AimIndividual Health, Safety, Security and Environment systems, management tools and techniques have evolved oer years. They just needed to be integrated into the business in a structured manner. In localize to manage HSSE rough-and-readyly, we need a sound management system to provide managers with the self-reliance that they are discharging their responsibilities effectively and as a basis for continuous HSSE deed improvement. The Nalanda Associates HSSE Management System has been developed to meet these ask it provides a set of arrangem ents to ensure that we influence our HSSE risks in a practical, effective and efficient manner.It builds on get gained in the application of earlier systems and arrangements and also draws on external developments such as Quality Management standards (ISO 9000), Health and Safety Management (HS(G)65),Environmental Management (ISO 14000) and HSSE Management (EP Forum). The aim of the HSSE Management System is to provide an assurance to all of us at Nalanda Associates, as well as regulators, partners, licensing authorities and insurers that we are able to abide by with Company Policy and Legislation through a process of self-regulation and control. The emphasis is placed on an onrush which is both objective circumstance (establishing what to do and then doing it) as well as proactive (taking transaction before and not after the event). Plan Do Check ActThe focus is on a systems model surface as applied in quality and other business Management systems. This self-regulatory app roach is risk based, not at any cost, but on the premise that necessary and cost effective measures applied, should reduce risk to a level that is As Low As ReasonablyPracticable (ALARP*). The management system combines Health, Safety, Security and Environment, and is based on the following key points Prominence being given by both industry and the regulators world-wide to the need for self regulation based on internal control Managers setting their own objectives, monitoring their achievement and demonstrating that the organisation is self regulating thus minimising external regulatory burdens synergism to be obtained from managing HSSE together Need for sustained effort to improve HSSE performance Integration of HSSE into our businesses for efficient purpose of management resources. * ALARP a point at which the cost of further risk reduction is grossly dis-proportionate to the benefit gained.It is to be recognized that Nalanda Associates is going through a phase of continuou s growth. Hence, the HSSE-MS will need to continually evolve to respond to changing needs of business environment. HSSE Management System cuts crossways the functional boundaries of contrasting departments/installations/facilities in Nalanda Associates and is a system to manage HSSE in an Integrated and co-ordinated way.I.2 ObjectiveManagementDemonstrate leading and commitment at all levels of management chain Establishing performance contracts key performance indicators related to HSSE deliverables across all levels in the organisation for successful delivery of HSSE Targets plans for the year To develop and implement strategies to improve Contractors HSSE performance through visible leadership and increased facilitation to contract partners.EnvironmentReduce levels of environmentally harmful emissions, fall behind and waste operations and activities. Develop implement targets to reduce GHG emission To apply best practices for minimising emissions in crude projectsSafetyEn sure zero injury operation To ensure that staff and contractors managing their activities understand implement lifespan Savers associated standards procedures. Focus on safety during execution of new projects Ensure lessons learnt are implementedHealth nada Occupational Illness Improve upon current Health Assurance Framework (HAF) score of 85% to nose candy%Security Zero Security Incident Review and effectively monitor security risks and implementation of associated control MeasuresI.3 MethodologyUsed for this reportThis includes observation1. When ,where, with whomPU foam factory 2. Consultation with whom3. Inspection when,where,how4. document verification which documents you verified.

No Child Left Behind Essay Example for Free

No nipper left over(p) arsehole judgeThe education policy that I chose is on education today and the influence of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) trifle. In 2001, President George W. Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind snatch. The NCBL is a United States Act of Congress, which includes Title 1 (program for disadvantaged students offered by the government). This Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. Each state is required to give these assessments to all students to receive federal prepare funding. This Act does non set the standards nationwide each individual state sets the standards. Diane Ravitch, an education philosopher was a supporter of this Act when it was being passed. She believed that every child had the right to a proper education. As the years passed she acquired more visualize and knowledge on the Act, and is now completely opposed to the NCLB Act. Ravitch believes that the states dumb down the standards in light of the NCLB. The enquire now is is the No Child Left Behind Act seeking to kettle of fish the riddle, or is it the ground?Under NCLB, the duty of a childs education is examined by the Federal government and flexureed into the hands of the state. This was the maiden time an American president has set a goal of universal proficiency in instruction and mathematics for all children. The federal emphasis on literacy, reading, and mathematics emphasizes thatched roofer and school accountability, with negative consequences when schools do not experience established improvement goals (U.S. Department of Education, 2002). Under NCLB the state must buzz off accountability provisions that include how they will close the achievement breaking. According to the Department of Education the achievement gap is defined as much(prenominal) The difference betwixt how well low-income and minority children perform on govern tests as compared with their peers.For m any a(prenominal) years, low-income a nd minority children have fallen behind their w producee peers in terms of pedantic achievement (Department of Education, 2002). States must also monitor that every student not excluding the disadvantaged achieve schoolman proficiency. Yearly assessments must be produced to inform parents of the progress of both the state and thecommunity. Schools that do not meet the academic proficiency standards must offer supplemental services and take corrective action. If within tailfin dollar bill years the school is still not making yearly progress, than dramatic qualifys in the schools academic focus must be made. Dramatic changes according to the Department of Education are defined as follows supernumerary changes to ensure improvement. The definition raises the head of whether there is a plan for failure at all.The National assessment of Educational Progress, in its National Report Card shows that these goals may be falling short. Students in 4th grade show temporary improvement in math right after No Child Left Behind became a law, only when returned to pre-reform growth rate. The NAEP estimates that by 2014 little than 25% of financially challenged and African American students will achieve NAEP proficiency in reading. Using the same time frame less than half the financially challenged and African American students will obtain proficiency in math. With so overmuch pressure on the states to perform well, a trend is becoming apparent that they are inflating proficiency levels of students. This causes discrepancies between the NAEP and state assessments especially among the financially challenged, African American, and Hispanic students.With no sufficient evidence shown on that NCLB is working, the question is as follows is the federal government capable of running our school remainss? on that point are undoubtedly dangers in the universal school system teaching a federally mandated curriculum. When one controls peoples perception of history, one con trols the present. There is, of course, a point to be made that if the nations children are kept in watered down public schools, positions of power will be opened to the children of the aristocracy, who without fail, are being sent to private schools.So many of those Politicians who stand in the way of allowing poor children to escape failing schools, send their own children to private schools (sic). In newfangled York City, where I have spent most of my professional life, both the current and the past premier of schools sent their children to private schools. Six of the seven members of the now-defunct Board of Education hadalso sent their children to private schools at one time or another. single might add to the list other notables in New York-the governor, the city manager, the leaders of both houses of the legislature, and the junior U.S. senator (and former first lady). In fact, I cannot remember a mayor of the city who sent his children to public school (Viteritti, 2003).T he reports of success of NCLB are encouraging to those who support the project. There have been schools in Sterling, Virginia and New York City that have received No Child Left Behind dark ribbons for their success in closing the achievement gap. Other schools have earned national praise for instituting such curriculum as Fit for the Future, a standards-based health and fitness curriculum for grades 1-10 and an anti-bullying intervention program in York, Pennsylvania (Department of Education, 2005). These programs are used to show the benefits of NCLB but are they academic necessities? The curriculum in a kindergarten class in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin included a lesson entitled The Little Convincer. In which a state state trooper came into the classroom with a mechanism designed to simulate a car accident.In a give-and-take more or less car seat laws, a topic critics of the curriculum call too heady for kindergarteners, the students, ages five to six years old, were asked repeate dly which one of them were actively using car seats, and whether their parents wore seat belts as well. One child who innocently told the officer that his daddy did not wear his seatbelt was told by the trooper that his daddy could go through the windshield and the glass would cut his face and arms like ribbons, and once he hit the road, the car would roll on top of him. The dramatic lesson ended with each of the students taking a turn in the mechanism that simulated the car crash.The officer would speak softly to the child asking them questions about their class or the clothes that they were wearing and when the child began to speak would jerk them forward violently to teach them that an accident could pass along at anytime. The question is, are these academic lessons that parents assume that their children are attending school for? Is placing the curriculum in the hands of legislators going to further our childrens grasp of the three Rs as most parents hope, or are they going to be taught how to become complacent law abiding citizens?The problem in purposing that the public school system is flawed beyond repair is fling an alternative that people are thriving with. When a conversation about privatizing the school system begins many questions must be answered to abate the fears of the public. Would privatizing schools be affordable to all families? Many debates have waged on the validity of a voucher program, allowing families to choose any school they desire whether it is parochial, private, public, or chartered.Without public schools, there are no taxes necessary to support the program, and that gold can be returned to the families of school aged children, creating extra funds for private education. In a system of free market education the individual and specialized institutions of learning would have to compete for students, because the money would be linked to the students themselves. Never in the history of the free market have advances been made with out competition. When the monopoly on our childrens rising ends, a true marketplace of ideas will be born.In an interview with US News, Ravitch was asked What needs to happen to beat the law more effective for school? she responded I think the main thing to change is . . . to get rid of the remedies and the sanctions because the remedies dont work and the sanctions dont work. What No Child Left Behind has given the United States is an automated teller of punitiveness. The word accountability has come to be a synonym for punish. If students dont learn, its the teachers fault. Fire the teachers. Close the schools. Were now on a wrecking mission to destroy American public education. Ravitch has completely rejected this Act, and believes we should do something to make our education system stronger.I questioned? Is the No Child Left Behind Act seeking to repair the problem, or is it the cause? I now have the answer. The NCLB Act sounded very tempting as it was passed by congress, and many like Diane Ravitch had hopes in such a great project for our education system, but everything is not perfect. The NCBL offers great support to schools, although standardized testing is not the correct way of determining the amount of financial support each school deserves or requires. After long hours of research I believe that the No Child Left Behind Act has taken a part in the cause of our problem in our education system today.Schools will not improve if the value is set only on what is tested. The tests we have now provide useful information about students progress in reading and mathematics, but they cannot measure what matters most in education. (Ravitch. The Death and Life of The Great American School System, pg. 226) In coif to improve our public school system we must start by focusing on our schools, offering them an authentic and sincere education that encourages our students to learn.

United Grain Growers Essay Example for Free

get together Grain Growers EssayUnited Grain Growers Limited (UGG) is the third-largest grain managing director and distributor of fruit inputs (seed, fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides) in Canada. UGG was formed in 1906 and, until 1993, operated as a farmer-owned cooperative whose primary phone line and income came from grain handling in western Canada. Western Canada has more than 100,000 farms, and in 1997, farm expenditures on crop inputs and fertilise totaled approximately C$4 billion. In the late 1990s, Canadas share of world husk trade was 22 percent, virtually all produced in western Canada.UGG fulfills a key role in the seed-to-supermarket food system. It provides a reliable supply channel, with on-time delivery to exacting specifications. Canadian law requires that all chaff and barley destined for human consumption be sold through the Canadian Wheat climb on (CWB). These are known as Board grains, for which UGG is paid a preestablished handling tariff per tonne. UGG also buys non-Board grains (e. g. , canola, flax, linola, peas, feed barley, and other grains not subject to the CWB monopoly) and markets them domestically and externally.UGG earns a margin on non-Board grains based on the cogency with which it markets and manages inventory and hedges its positions on world futures markets. UGG serves as the link among the CWB and the farmer for handling Board grains, and between the farmer and the market for non-Board grains. UGG delivers Board grains, purchased on behalf of the CWB, to meet CWB sales contracted on domestic and international wheat and barley markets. UGG sells non-Board grains, purchased directly from farmers, on its own account in domestic and international markets.United Grain Growers Ltd. (UGG), a Canadian grain distributor, audited its exposure to a number of key risks, especially the fix of weather on grain volumes and operating income. Understanding these risks was crucial because the company was in the midst of a major modernization and diversification program. But although UGG already managed traditional risks through a variety of have processes, it was still faced with the problem of how to deal with the biggest risk the weather.

Global Limited System Essay Example for Free

spherical Limited System Essay globose Limited is a global provider of infrastructure entropy systems, whose services cater to a wide range of industry sectors. One of globular Limiteds business objectives is information security for their clients. In order to provide their clients with information security, Global Limited has utilized a risk circumspection approach to protect their clients information. From a security standpoint the step taken by Global Limited be sound and provide maximize the security of their clients information. The main weakness as such will keep at the user level. If the end users both internal and external are not security conscious and vigilant in their security awareness then there is a risk of a exposure being exploited. The access controls Global Limited implemented using access tokens and PIN numbers for certificate provides a level of security to protect unauthorized access to data and systems.The additional use of the data Loss Prevent ion (DLP) product to manage data across the network is integral to compliance of the CIA triad. Global Limiteds approach of layered security from end- point to end user utilized some(prenominal) different methods of controls thus providing their clients with a single comprehensive strategy. Although there is no real way to buzz off complete security a arrive atst all holy terrors, Global Limited has provided their clients with a secure solution with show up being so intrusive that the end users cannot do their jobs. If a company or organizations data and systems are not secure, be it from lack of proper controls or improper physical security, then they would be out of compliance with industry standards. According to the SOX act a company is supposed to have internal controls in place to prevent and detect unauthorized access of financial data. Globals risk management approach was a key factor in the success of their efforts to protecting their clients information assets.By utiliz ing risk management strategies Global was able to detect vulnerabilities where there were themost likelihood of threat and implement controls to detect and/or prevent breaches of the security controls. The risk management process ensured Global address security measures at all levels of the IT/domain. Having remote external access to Globals network poses legion(predicate) threats. Lack of physical controls over devices could result in breaches. If a person lost a laptop computer that ad sensitive data or kept their login credentials stored on their phones, an unauthorized person could gain access.If data is not properly classified and protected it could be compromised through VPN. Some other tools that are comparable to those used by Global are Biometrics and cryptographic keys used for authentication. Titan CMS is uniform to Globals DLP suite in that it classifies, monitors and secures data across a network. Clone Guard provides pic scanning, intrusion detection, and penetrati on testing to test an organizations defensive countermeasures and identify threats.ReferencesManaged Network Security, IDS IPS Solutions Provider Clone Systems, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved defect 30, 2014, from http//www.clone-systems.com/?gclid=CPCGzpWn1r0CFaVxOgodtEcAeQ Titan CMS content management systems. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http//titancms.com/home.htm

Milo Yiannopoulos, Racism and Hate Speech

Milo Yiannopoulos, racialism and Hate SpeechRacism and hate nomenclature have al meanss managed to find a way to survive in America, past and present. It is certainly considered more taboo than it ever has been, yet it remains applic able in society in more ways than ever. Milo Yiannopoulos ideas and wranglees are evidence of this, and his plans to speak at UC Berkeley came to a halt when some violent protesters began vandalising the area. This protest has spawned an entirely new free speech movement, aimed at supporting hate speech instead of freedom speech.Milo Yiannopoulos recently planned a speech at the University of California Berkeley as part of his nationwide tour of speeches, focused on spreading the odious messages of the alt-right. Gathered outside of the arena where he was schedu conduct to speak, students began to gather in protest of the hate speech Yiannopoulos is known for. People had decided action be taken to stop Yiannopoulos from spreading his racist and trans phobic views, which led to the protests (Wong). However, protests soon turned violent when a group of students dressed in black began lighting hit fireworks and attacking police barricades. As the new groups protests began to escalate, it was announced that the particular would be cancelled. The decisiveness was made by Berkeleys administration for safety purposes. But in the aftermath of the whole event, umteen people have been leftover questioning the honorableity of the entire situation.Even though many may feel letting Yiannopoulos speak on campus was unhonorable, mostly due to his controversial hate oriented speeches and ideas, the administration defended his right to talk because they support the article of faith of free speech for all. This creates an argument on both sides of the scale of ethics. Some protesters argue that the Yiannopoulos event wasnt a matter of free speech, because he espouses hate speech, which creates the argument that the decision to hold the event was unethical in the first place (Lah, Park). Yiannopoulous hate speech is the very type of speech that is the exact opposite of the doctrines of universities that supports vicissitude and changing ideas. However, since he is a citizen underneath the rule of the US Constitution and Bill of Rights, he is authorize to the same rights of free speech that any other person would be. On the opposite end of the doctrine, Berkeley claims that it held the event to support its policy of free speech and openness to ideas, even if they are controversial. So in the end, the colleges decision to master of ceremonies the event adhered to their own ethical standards, as they support new ideas and free speech.Even though the university made the decision to host the event knowing there would be controversy, another ethical dilemma regarding the property damage requires addressing. With over $100,000 in damage, writing off the expenses is not simple project for Berkeley. From an ethical standpoin t, it should be the responsibility of the protestors, or more fittingly known as rioters, to pay for the damages. However, since the university exercised their right to host this speaker, they should be responsible for the damages caused by the rioting from an accountability standpoint. The university should have previously assessed the risks of hosting the event, and therefore should be accountable for any damages that can occur as a result. It is no different from a driver assessing the risks of operating their vehicles. Even though it may not be the right path from an ethical standpoint, the responsibility bore for hosting the risk makes them accountable.Milo Yiannopoulos is a very risky and polarizing public figure, symbolic of many of the problems that relentlessly plague American society. With his most recent plans for a speech at UC Berkeley spawning violent protests, a new generation of free speech and ethicality arguments have been spawned in todays turbulent society. These arguments will most promising never end unless everyones views on ethicality line upa view hopefully all will be able to live with someday.

Reflective Practice And Risk Analysis Social Work Essay

Reflective Practice And Risk abbreviation Social Work EssayThe objective of this essay is to unfavorablely evaluate the following statement with persona to individualized practice experience when assessing and managing luck. As my practice experience was establish in a Children and Families field of force Team, this essay will then explore the statement from this prospect.A good chance decision requires twain good adventure sagaciousness and good make a chance viement. (Carson Bain, 2008, p.156)This essay will, initially, explore and demonstrate a critical understanding of the primeval concepts of essay judgement and risk management. It will then provide an abstract of the political, ethnical and accessible contexts that shape practice in relation to risk management. Following this, a critical compass of the concept of risk decision making will be considered. Finally a broody intelligence of a case study drawn from my practice will be evaluated in relation to r isk. This reflective discussion will be set within a theoretical framework of reflection.In cab atomic number 18t to critically understand the concept of risk assessment, the question of what risk is ought to be defined. According to Alaszewski Manthorpe (1991) risk whitethorn be defined as the probability that a course of action will not give the desired result exactly instead some unacceptable circumstance or event would prevail. McCarthy et al (2004) furthers this point as they overly suggest that the term risk implies the possibility of undesirable or nix outcomes. unless more than, McCarthy in any case indicates that within the concept of risk it is also implied that these outcomes send packing be avoided. (McCarthy et al, 2004).It is additionally pointed out that risk has both an objective and subjective dimension. For example, when viewing risk objectively it is possible to notice that either surround or environment will be hazardous and associated with danger. D efining risk from a subjective perspective means that the possibility of danger or an unacceptable event taking place will transfigure from individual to individual as intumesce as neighborly groups. (Aleszewski Manthorpe, 1991). Nevertheless, Houston and Griffiths (2000) question the validity of the objectivist paradigm that they identify as the basis of risk assessment and point to its failure to provide valid and reliable measures of risk. (Houston Griffiths, p.1) They signal for a cash in ones chips toward a subjectivist paradigm, and a return to the concept of relationship as the rationale of social work intervention.On the some other hand, there crumb be value in taking risks. Indeed, risk taking can be seen to have serious as rise as harmful outcomes to the c beer of an individual. (Titterton, 2005 Carson Bain, 2008). As Titterton points outRisk taking is a course of purposeful action based on informed decisions concerning the possibility of positive and negative outcomesand levels of risk appropriate in certain situations.(Titterton, 2005, p.25)Consequently, the concept of risk assessment is a core activity within social work and further to this minimising risk has move around a central element. Indeed, Calder (2002) describes risk assessment as a systematic collection of schooling in order to identify if risks are involved and identify the likeliness of their future occurrence. It is further suggested that risk assessment should be understood as collecting information and assessing any information gained regarding risk elements. These two elements, which are central to risk assessment, are consequences (or outcomes) and likelihood (also cognize as chance or exposure). (Carson Bain, 2008).As almost of the situations social workers deal with contain considerable dubiety about the meaning of events, the causal agents for referrals, the accuracy of assessment, and the consequences of taking oneness course of action instead of another, it is reasonable to assume that assessment of risk is not an exact science. Further to this, the possible outcomes or consequences could be infinite and consequently impossible to predict with absolute certainty. Therefore, the element of uncertainty essential be adjudge as a core feature of maestro persuasion. Certainly, it is suggested that when considering the possible outcomes (including beneficial outcomes), a risk assessment should only require that reasonably predicted outcomes are met and that a lawful, moral and sea captain objectivity is upheld at all times. (Titterton, 2005 Carson Bain, 2008 Macdonald Macdonald, 2010). As Webb (2006) points out social workers havean ethical disposition to do the best for clients and insofar as they have the resources to do so(Webb, 2006, p. 203)Within risk assessment literature, Titterton (2005) also argues that the emphasis remains on assessing for the risk of harmful or adverse outcomes but how this is completed can depend on wh ich assessment framework is used. For example, within Criminal Justice Teams a more actuarial assessment is utilised. An actuarial assessment is based on statistical calculations of risk and, for example, uses scales to assess recidivism. Within a Children and Families Area Team the assessment framework used could be described as a holistic and inclusive assessment which is tyke-centred and addresses three domains developmental needs, parental capacity and environmental factors. The GIRFEC practice model thusly aims for early identification of risk in all three domains as well as analysis of evidence, decision-making and planning. ( frugal Government 2008) Furthermore, it allows the practioner to utilise a developmental-ecological approach which is grounded in theories of tyke development and emphasises interaction between child and environment as well as taking a resilience approach which weights strengths as well as vulnerabilities. (Local Authority Risk Assessment Training Hand out, 2009).However, what all risk assessment tools have in common is that all information gathered is analysed to allow an understanding to be developed which then allows a professional view to be formed. Further to this risk assessment should take into posting risk factors and evasive factors that can anticipate and justify strategies of risk prevention as well as risk management. (Kemshall, 2003 Parton 2006). This should change the social worker to utilise all appropriate interventions and/or decisions. Analysis of information, therefore, is an essential factor when considering outcomes, likelihood and suitable action and accordingly, social workers require a good grasp of probability and statistical reason to interpret research and assessment information, organise their thinking and be able to draw sound doubtful conclusions which are open to change in the light of new information. (Helm, 2009 Macdonald Macdonald, 2010).Risk management, in its simplest sense, describes the development of strategies to sicken the severity and frequency of identified risks and adverse outcomes. This involves discovering and controlling the dimensions of a proposed risk into a plan which involves implementing, monitoring, controlling and reviewing the risk decision. Further to this, at an organic lawal level, risk management requires a service that is adequately staffed with personnel who are fully trained and sufficiently knowledgeable and skilled in identifying problems or opportunities and to make appropriate interventions. (Vincent, 1995 Kapur, 2000 Carson Bain, 2008). The Scottish Government (2008) further suggests that risk management should be understood as risk reduction and that jointly professionals should have confidence, through defensible decision making, that measures implemented will reduce risk sufficiently.Taking these definitions into account, risk management suggest ways in which a decision may best be put down into practice. What also should be included within a risk management strategy is the embracing of opportunities which could deck up from any potential risk decisions. Another point which is important is that in order to make and manage a risk decision the quantity and quality of knowledge available to the social worker should oppose the requirements needed to make a sound decision. Accordingly, before making a decision, consideration should be tending(p) to what is already known and its worth as well as reflection and contemplation of what is not known and any implications arising from this. Included in this should also be the consideration of any opportunities which may arise which may have the prospect of potential benefits. (Carson Bain, 2008).Littlechild Blakeney (1996) further suggest that the management of risk should be adaptable. This refers to the notion that families and their lives do not stay stable and changes can take place in their ability to cope therefore the risks can change too. Monitoring, f or these reasons are important as is communication with the family and other agencies who are involved. Littlechild Blakeney go on to state that this is where the professional expertise of the social worker should be focused and not in an unavailing attempt to anticipate every potential risk. Consequently, the principles for risk management should be the need to ensure that the on-going dowerd plan manages the risk, records decisions that shows how and why decisions were reached and ensures that decisions make have actions with named persons, clear timescales and review dates and also ensure that any agreed timescales may be reduced if new risks/needs move around more apparent.Beck (1992) suggests we are lively in a risk society in which he believes that late modernity, as a reflex(prenominal) social order, manufactures new risks and uncertainties. Furedi (1997) also determines that we live in a populace obsessed with risk and that base hit has get under ones skin the fundam ental value of our times. (Furedi, 1997, p.1).Furedi (1997) further suggests that the risk aversion culture we live in today is based on the way that risk and its negative effects are represented in the media and by politicians. Barry (2007) extends this claim by arguing that child protection work has become more reactive since the last of Maria Coldwell in 1973 which has resulted in a preoccupation with culpability, blame and retribution. This, has allowed social work practice to becomevery defensive, overly proceduralised and narrowly concerned with assessing, managing and insuring against risk.(Parton OByrne, 2000, p.1)Green (2007) upholds this notion by suggesting that governments, and the excessive number of regulative agencies, are anxious to control the identification and deployment of risks, particularly within the context of high-profile media stories such as reports of child vilification cases and deaths of children previously known to social work departments.In retro spect, this socially acceptable requirement to play down risk if not avoid taking risks altogether, has led to a social work profession that has become increasingly risk averse. (Scottish Executive, 2006). This approach to risk assessment and risk management has led to the introduction of more and more formal procedures to guide practice which could be argued is denying the freedom of the social worker to work in an empowering capacity. Working in an empowering capacity allows the professional practioner to focus on prevention and more centrally draw rein issues of poverty and social inequality. What is also needed is a culture which is open for professional practioners to modify them to constituent concerns and being able to discuss errors and therefore learn from mistakes. (Stalker, 2003 Barry, 2006 Ritchie Woodward, 2009). However, the Changing Lives Report (2006) has signified that one of the key areas identified was the need to develop a new organisational culture and appr oach to risk management and risk assessment which would promote excellence.Within risk decision making Macdonald Macdonald (2010) argue that a focus on high-profile cases of low-probability events distorts decision making and this makes for a larger number of children taken into care after such cases. They power that decisions about childrens lives should be based on professional judgement rather than media vilification and political pressure.When social workers make a professional judgement within risk decision making, the starting point must be the collection of information through professional observations and enquiries as well as from past information and information held by other professionals. It is that judgement that is carried forward into the decision making field. (Hollows 2003). However, the expression error of assessment is offered as an explanation for most of the high-profile child cases as well as in other professional activities. It is for this reason that judgem ent making should be viewed as a serious task.Hammond (1996) advocates that there are various kinds of judgements, made under different conditions. These different conditions are the time available, the kind of knowledge available and the judgement task itself. Hammond went on to develop a cognitive continuum of judgement making. This recognises that there are different approaches to judgement making. Examples of these are on the spot processing of information and knowledge, known as intuition peer-aided judgements where two or more people will share their knowledge and discuss outcomes and likelihoods. Finally, there are system-aided judgements that are supervisor or manager aided. Accordingly, application of the Cognitive Continuum allows the practioner to utilise the highest knowledge available and further enables the practioner to ensure that the acknowledged goals of efficacy, accuracy and consistency can be promoted. (Hollows, 2003 Carson Bain 2008).However, risk decision m aking is also subject to personal values and subjective perceptions of risk and dilemmas which continue to challenge social workers. Low-probability events such as child abuse or extreme violence can make prediction difficult. In these circumstances social workers can be challenged by risks that are high profile but typically infrequent and therefore, have a tendency to either overestimate risks because of anxiety or to underestimate risks which they are unaccustomed to. (Kemshall, 2002). From this perspective it is authoritative that reflection, continuous review and the opportunity for regular supervision is supported particularly when research by Janus Mann (1977) implant that stress generated a limited capacity to make a judgement as well as, and more crucially, an inability to make a decision.BL was referred to the Children and Families Area Team by his school. This was after a meeting with his primary feather carers regarding BLs increasingly excited and angry outbursts a nd lack of attendance at school. The referral was made with agreement from his primary carers. BL is 12 years old and lives with his maternal grand aim, step-grandfather and his maternal aunt and has done since he was 18 months old. His step-grandfather is paraplegic as a result of an accident when BL was 3 years old. BLs maternal aunt has Prader-Willi Syndrome, she is 40 years old. BL has to share a bedroom with his aunt as the house only has two bedrooms and is privately owned. BL maintains contact with his mother and her long-term partner on a fortnightly basis and also goes on holiday with her but he has no wish to live full-time with his mother as she lives approximately 50 miles away. BL utter both to his grandmother and to me that his home is with Gran and Gramps. Mrs. L independently confirmed that BL had no wish to move to the city as did Ms. L (Bens mother). Ms. L has no other children.In order to understand Bens emotional frustration, I undertook some research on Prader- Willi Syndrome. I discovered that disordered night-time sleep patterns as well as emotional outbursts of rage were part of the symptoms. Coupled with this obsessive and/or compulsive behaviour including disputative or oppositional behaviour were also predominant. (Clarke et al 1996). I also spoke with Mrs. L at space about her other caring commitments and discovered that she also drives to England on a monthly basis to get wind her father, who is 90 years old, to make sure that his financial commitments are paid as well as making sure his carers are supporting him. Contact was also made with the social worker charge to BLs aunt whereby I was informed that his aunt was in the process of being allocated a home of her own. This would take at least three months as adaptations had to be made to the house and suitable care arrangements had to be put into place. The social worker realised that these circumstances were affecting BL and we arranged to contact each other on a weekly basis regarding exchange of information. This was agreed with the L family.I placed my assessment and intervention practice within a developmental/ecological approach which has links with a strengths based approach. This allowed me to consider BLs protective factors as well as risk factors. BL has a secure base and has terminal bonds with his grandparents. He also had two very close friends from primary school and who continue to good friends. BL admitted that he was frustrated he had to share a bedroom. This meant no privacy in his home and he give it difficult to complete his homework or even relax as carers for his aunt came in at different times to get her ready for bed. This meant that he had to go to bed when his aunts carers were getting her ready for bed. BL also admitted that he felt that he sometimes had to compete for his grandparents attention. His absences from school appeared to coincide with the times his grandmother returned from her overturn to England.After analysis of potential risk factors to BL such as possible self-harm, withdrawal from his family and friends, I made a referral to the local small carers group. This would allow him to spend time away from the family home with other young people who lived in similar circumstances as well as broaden his social network. This organisation would also be able to support him on a one-to-one and group work basis. nourishment was also made available to his primary carers, particularly his grandmother. Through the use of a personal daybook I supported BL to talk to his grandparents about the frustration and emotional anger he felt which was relatively successful in the short term.In conclusion, Kolbs Reflective Cycle (1984) and Hammonds Cognitive Continuum (1996) allowed me to take into consideration BLs satisfying situation and promote protective factors and minimise risk. With reflection and supervisory discussion I believe I used my analytical skills and utilised my professional judgement to t he best of my ability. However, as has been pointed out uncertainty is an important element in any risk assessment and/or decision and has to be taken into account when managing risk. Taking all these concepts regarding risk and reflective practice into consideration when I start to practice should enable me to better support service users in the future.2,995 words

Reason For Aseptic Technique Is To Maintain Asepsis Nursing Essay

Reason For infertile technique Is To Maintain Asepsis Nursing EssayReflection 2 Aseptic Non-Touch TechniqueThis reflective human being will be about a agency that took place whilst on billet and will grimace at transmission control whilst doing an aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT). Using Atkins and Murphys 1993 model of reflection (Rolfe, G et al 2001). I open used this model as it helped me be interpose awargon of my actual thoughts and feelings regarding the situation, and more focussed when analyzing it.DescriptionI visited a lady who had bilateral outgrowth wounds that needed to be prideed daily, the leg dressings that had been put on the day before were heavily exudated, the lady who I am going to harbinger Jane to protect her identity as per NMC 2004 was adamant that she had kept her legs raised. The protect that I was working with said that she would dress the legs this time and when I visited again I would do the dressings. The nurse opened the sterile packaging of gloves and set(p) it on the floor, this was to be her sterile stadium. The dressings and bandages that she required were opened and determined onto the sterile field and the nurse placed an apron over her uniform. The sterile gloves were put on and she proceeded to remove the dressings that were on Janes legs, once the dressing had been outside these were placed into the waste bag.The nurse then proceeded to assess the wound and then redress it without changing her gloves, by not changing her gloves which were originally sterile these will now have become contaminated by feedling the soiled dressing and would contaminate the new dressings and the wound.Stage OneWhilst watching the nurse stir the dressing this make me question what I had been taught in University about ANTT. The procedure that we were taught in university is from The Royal Marsden 2008. This made me feel uncomfortable and question that the patient would be at attempt from healthcare associated transmittals (HCAI).Stage bothThe reason for aseptic technique is to maintain asepsis and helps to protect the patient from HCAI it also protects the nurse from any(prenominal) of the patients body fluids and toxic substances (Department of Health (DOH) 2005). Elderly people are more at risk of infection which is caused by organisms that invade the immunological defence mechanisms as there immune systems are less efficacious ( Calandra 2000) ANTT is used to ensure that when a healthcare professional handles sterile equipment only the part of the equipment that will not contact the wound is handled (Preston 2005). When doing the ANTT procedure this involves ensuring that consent has been gained from the patient and they are aware of what the procedure will be, the surround and the equipment is prepared, hand-washing takes place, personal protective equipment is used and a sterile field is maintained. In a Primary contend setting one of the biggest problems is infection that enters the body t hrough a tear in the skin, this may be through a leg ulcer. A small number of microbes are sufficient enough for an infection to be caused, this may then be difficult to treat with antibiotics and what may have been a delusive problem may end up becoming a signifi mintt problem (DOH 2007). Nurses should assess the risk of transmission of infections from one person to another and plan their nursing care accordingly before they drive any form of action (Chalmers Straub 2006).Hand washing prior to ANTT has been found to be the most measurable procedure for preventing infections, hands can be the biggest route of transmission of infection if not washed powerful (Akyol et al 2006). There have been recent studies that show that hand washing is rarely carried out in a satisfactory manner and 89% of staff misses some part of their hand surface during hand washing (Mcardle et al 2006). Handwashing should be through with(p) prior any procedure, this can be achieved by troika different methods-Soap and water this is effective in removing physical dirt or any alter and micro-organisms liquid soap is more efficient than a soap bar (Ehrenkrantz, 1992).Anti-microbial detergent which is effective in removing physical dirt and is more effective than soap in removing micro-organisms (Ehrenkrantz, 1992).Alcohol based hand rubs, these are not as effective as the above in removing dirt or soil hardly are more effective in destroying transient bacteria (Storr, J, Clayton-Kent, S, 2004).An aseptic procedure should be through in a refined environment and any equipment used should be sterile and disposable or decontaminated after each use and the nurse should ensure that the equipment is free from dust and any other soilage (DOH 2003). Whilst the nurse does ANTT procedure it is essential that her hands, even though they have been washed, do not contaminate the sterile field or the patient, this is achieved by the nurse using sterile gloves she needs to be aware however that gloves can be damaged during use and may no longer be sterile (Kelsall et al 2006).The force of wearing sterile gloves is to reduce the risk of cross-infection from nursing staff to patients and to also reduce the transient contamination of the hands by micro-organisms from one patient to another (infection control Nurses Association (ICNA) 2002). The ICNA recommend that before a patient is treated a comprehensive risk assessment is taken to determine the most trance glove role for the task to be undertaken. Its been suggested that sterile gloves are only necessary if the nurses hands come into contact with the patients sterile body area, they argue that non-sterile gloves provide adequate infection control if hands decontamination has been done effectively (Hollinworth and Kingston 1998). Factors that need to be considered when making the choice between aseptic or clean technique for wound care is the setting where the dressing is to be done, the immune status of the patient, t his is influenced by age, medication, type of wound, location and depth of wound and the invasiveness of the procedure (APIC 2001).Hartley (2005) reports that aseptic technique is not being carried out to a high standard and this could be related to the theory-practice gap or complacency in the professional field. meliorate the skill based care needs to be the main focus on post -registration pedagogy this includes which gloves to choose, maintaining a sterile field with the risk of non-touch technique and also developing assessment protocols (Preston 2005).Stage 3During my time on placement I cleaned and redressed a lot of wounds and I ensured that I used the Aseptic non touch Technique that was taught to me whilst at University. I ensured that I gained the consent of the patient prior to any procedure taking place and also maintained the clients privacy and dignity whilst carrying out the procedure.Whilst being on placement I have learnt that staff change the dressing on wounds using the aseptic non-touch technique other than to how I was taught in university but when questioning them why they do something a certain demeanor they have a rationale for it. I will continue to clean and redress wound in the way I have been taught and believe that this is the way forward in fighting wound infections.