Psychological Ethical Egoism

mental Ethical EgoismA Comparative Analysis of mental and Ethical EgoismThis essay is a comparative analysis of ethical self-centeredness and psychological egoism. In order to understandably set the statement of this paper, I would first render the meaning these two concepts. Afterwards, I would rise the strengths and untoughenednesses of psychological egoism and discuss the two versions of ethical egoism. Upon doing so, this paper would demonstrate the contrasting points of both theories.Psychological Egoism generally states that people atomic number 18 naturally selfish and would pursue their self-centeredness at all times. It win lay claims that even altruistic exertions ar, at the root of it, grounded on ones prosecution of his/her experience welf be (Shaver, 2002). This concept of egoism states the motivation of self-interest as a fact, as such, a person does not choose to be egoistic, or selfish, he/she as a humilitary personnel existence simply is. cook for e xample a mans decision to become a doctor, or to booster charity, or even to help an old lady cross the street. almost of the time, the justifications a person gives for choosing to do these acts have altruistic inclinations. However, psychological egoists would shell out that the reasons of these acts are aimed still, at the private who desires to perform them. A man who wants to be a doctor whitethorn want to help other people, precisely this can be seen as grounded too on his happiness being fulfilled when he sees that he has helped others. Giving to charity would allow an individual to experience satisfaction by being generous, it keeps him happy and feeling reasoned about himself or the more trivial reason is he wants to be praised for his actions.On the other hand, ethical egoism does not say that man would inevitably be motivated by his confess interests. Rather, this doctrine purports a normative stance that people ought to pursue their welfare. This is to say that w hen one chooses to act upon, he or she must sign up into utmost consideration his or her own self-interest. Scholars deem this ethical theory as a unnatural to traditional virtuous theories which gives emphasis on impersonal moral choices and the great good of the greater number.Psychological egoism founds itself on a scientific discipline that demands for existential proof and consistency in order to be considered true. However, scholars have criticized psychological egotists for failing to take into proper account that would counter-proof their claim of inherent selfish motivation. Instead, evidence and day-to-day observations would show that that there are acts that can be considered altruistic which the psychological egotists attempt to evade by misconstruing the concept of selfishness juxtapose to self-interest. Further, counter-examples made be seen through that are connected that are contrary to the best self-interest, and actions done without much thought of ones welfa re. The overleap of verifiability dos the claim of psychological egoism dubitable within the scientific confederacy it initially launches itself from. In line with this, as a supposed empirical viewpoint, it has hence committed a logical fallacy generally referred to as hasty generalization. It attempts to make a universal claim of individuals but fails to take into consideration the other factors that would negate its conjecture. It impulsively over-simplified the complexity of the human being, relations, and favorable reality (Davidson, 2006).It has been purported that ethical egoism has two versions, these two divisions are clearly described by Davidson (2006) who wroteThe strong version rambles that it is always moral to demonstrate your own good and it is never moral not to do so. The weak version says that even though it is always moral to endorse your own good the converse is not necessarily accurate. There could be situations where it may be more important to ignore y our own welfare when reservation a moral judgment. (Davidson, 2006)The strong version as we could ply tends to make a strict and universal maxim out of the pursuit for self-interest and welfare. It creates an assumption that when one follows that which would benefit him or her the most then it would consequently produce moral worth. The weak version tends to make room for especial(a) cases wherein the ones self-interest is in a most unique sense of lesser significance to that of which one is morally asked to do.From what I have already hardened down, we could already see the divergence of psychological egoism and ethical egoism. The former, psychological egoism is a descriptive in nature. It asserts self-interest and selfishness even, as a fact, embedded in human nature. While Ethical egoism is normative, it prescribes the pursuit of self-interest as something human beings should do. One could also see the themes of determinism and unfreeze will in both concepts. This is in the s ense that when psychological egoists assert their claim, they implicitly endorse that the behavior and acts of man is determined by self-interest. On the other side, ethical egoists endorses that the motivation of self-interest is a choice, the right and moral way to choose.Consequently, it is quite obvious that there is a difference in the motivations of both theories. Psychological egoism asserts self-interest as an inevitable motive of human nature, while ethical egoism is grounded on the motivation to do what is morally best, which is of course, ones welfare (Davidson, 2006).It is often the case that issues and criticisms that arise with regards to these theories of egoism are due to the ambiguity and equivocation of the concept of self-interest and selfishness. It is important to poster that one could pursue self-interest without necessarily being viewed as selfish. Psychological egoism can be criticized for its tendency to interchange the two, although a plentitude of its co ntemporaries have gone to correct such error. Ethical egoism allows us the free will to choose whats best and grants our rationality the efficacy to determine whether there is excess in our pursuit of our interests. Self-interest is something we follow, calculate our benefits in our actions in order to produce the most advantageous range for ourselves. Selfishness is when, as individuals, we lose consideration of others, to think of ourselves, and our desires alone for me, a formula of unchecked vanity.ReferencesShaver, R. (2002). Egoism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved November 7, 2007 from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/egoism/Davidson, B. (2006). Ethical and Psychological Egoism An bill of theories. Associated Content. Retrieved November 7, 2007 from http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/93503/ethical_and_psychological_egoism.html?page=2

Contemporary Artwork: Comparison and Analysis

Contemporary Art extend affinity and AnalysisThe two fades which I have selected for comparison do equivalent technique to encourage an spotlessly variant outcome and audition response. It is the spirt in which these r determinationists go about their fanciful process, and how this, in turn provokes much(prenominal) contrasting concepts, with such similar mediums t wear engages me. The first piece for comparison is the haunting photographic inst in allation (Fakray, 2009) Les Suisses Morts By Christian Boltanski, 1990, to be comp ard and contrasted with the fashion/art photographic chromatography column Hold on to your hat by photographer Stacey motley fool, 2009, consisting of five components. Similarly the fashion of Boltanski consists of multiple photographs in order to heighten report. The most significant parallel between the two pieces ( other than excerption of medium) lies in the soft focussing esthetic of the photographs in question, which creates the i llusion of the cases fading into and out of the work, in turn evoking feelings and introducing notions of presence and absence seizure within the work (Roca and Sterling, 2007). Both works appear to have strong associations with Phantasmagoria (Roca and Sterling, 2007), the illusion of unceasing alterations in shine and colour encouraging a dreamlike call down involving the fusion of reality with the imagination (Gunning, no date). The overall inwardness for both(prenominal) pieces is some what visionary, yet they conjure up quite contrasting perception within their interview. In this essay I will be identifying the assured artistic choices which have been made in order to make the work similar yet so dissimilar at once.Hold onto your hat by Stacey Mark is effectively a fashion photographic editorial which has been executed artistically in order to transport the onlooker into a whimsical dream world. Featuring a young woman, the work is very sensuous and moody (McGrath, 20 09), and with this in mind, has been designed to sell, promote and bring back end the sailor boy hat, an object of the past. (The past is just one of the themes dealt with in each piece, as Boltanski brings back from the past haunting memories of the deceased (Fakray, 2009), into the present, enabling them to live on). thither is, therefore, a central focus to the work, which every artistic decision relates back to in order to create a strong sticking narrative for the editorial sp occupy consisting of five separate photographs. Whilst the eventual aim of this piece is to sell to an audience, the work of Boltanksi endeavors to have an entirely incompatible effect upon its audience by visual disruption and intense emotional mend (Feinstein, 1997).Christian Boltanski is heavily involved in the devastation and loss of life which took base during the Second World War and the Holocaust, a complete contrast in upshot matter to Marks photography. The emotional power of Boltanskis w ork derives from the psychical ties that the audience relates when in the presence of his quicknesss. His photographic inductions featuring portraits of the deceased that were published in the obituary of a Swiss newspaper are particularly powerful, possibly disturbing to the audience in their suggestion of the Holocaust (Simon, 2003). Boltanski appropriates his stock temporal in the creation of his haunting archival installation consisting of vast collections of photographs (Fakray, 2009). Contrastingly, although with the use of the same medium to express her ideas, Stacey Mark takes her photographs, take downning with an empty dart and following her work by dint of to the end using only the products of her creative efforts. This is not to say that the work of Boltanski is any less evocative, in situation perhaps the creative process in which he immerses himself, renders the outcome all the more meaningful, with greater impact than what may have been if he had of produced his source material himself (Fakray, 2009).Lighting is an element which is used very differently and carefully within these two pieces to evoke contrasting feelings within the audience. In Les Suisses Morts Boltanski lights his subject from above, in turn creating a strong understanding of interrogation ( artline, no date) where the eyes of the photographic subjects fall into deep sinister shadows. The image annexation combined with the applied lighting technique lends each portrait a Shadowy skeletal form and Semi obliterated face, (Caines, 2004) thus having a powerfully haunting effect upon the audience. Adversely the lighting adopted in the photography of Stacey Mark enhances the luminosity that diffuses from the work, having quite the opposite effect on its audience. Bright yet soft light seems to diffuse gently onto the subject of these photographs, giving the images a dream like and visionary effect, perhaps achieved through the use of back lighting as well as before faci ng studio lights. With this lighting Hold onto your hat achieves a sense of serenity as well as purity and femininity, all feelings that are helping to sell this product through appealing to the audience.Marks use of such lighting lends a soft focus and pictorial aesthetic to the work whilst Boltanski achieves a similarly pictorial effect (Franzke, 2009) with an entirely different approach. Les Suisses Morts assembles old photographic portraits of the deceased Swiss appropriated from newspapers, which have been re-photographed and enlarged by Boltanski, rendering them middling larger than life for maximum audience impact (Vetrocq, 2008). Boltanski takes care to enlarge to enhance audience response rather than to sift for the sake of naturalism, yet he still attains a soft focus, slightly blurred and vague aesthetic as a ensue of this augmentation which is feature article of his work as it works to encourage notions of absence and presence, (Simon, 2003.)This alternative system of working generates stronger references to childhood, innocence, death and memory, (all central themes explored in his work), as a result of Boltanskis use of real portraits, each with their own story to tell (Hylton, 1995.) Boltanski aims to demoralise his audience and provoke deep feelings of melancholy, both of which he is able to importantly enhance upon with the use of real life portrait appropriation, (Simon, 2003.) Such realism within the work inflicts a dense emotional impact upon the audience as Boltanski touches upon notions of death as well as the disintegration of memories over time, which in turn induces a sense of nostalgia amongst the viewers, longing for lost love ones and their own childhood (Caines, 2004.) In a similar, though more light hearted mien, Hold onto your hat by Stacey Mark has the audience feeling desirous for their childhood and the days of dressing up (fashion gone rogue, no date).though his message is powerful, Boltanski objectifies and dehumani zes his photographic subjects in various ways. The many faces comprising his archival installation are anonymous to the audience they are unknown faces which Boltanski arranges to be read as whole, rather than paying attention to the individual. A Photograph captures a moment in timeby its very nature it implies excerption and priority, and each portrait reflects a snap shot second of an entire life (Caines, 2004). At first the audience feel oppressed by the vast numbers of deceased faces towering over as a result of Boltanskis dehumanization reminding us of the absurdity of death, however the work thence begins to forward the concept of memory, which seems to counteract some of the ramifications of death, as the audience begin to identify with the individual, (Fakray, 2009.) In this way, both pieces appear to promote. Whilst Boltanski promotes a concept and an idea, Stacey Mark uses artistic and creative efforts to promote a product and to sell, and it is in this way that Mark ob jectifies and dehumanizes his photographic subject. Mark uses the girl as an object through which to sell a product meaning the girl herself is a sell point as she compliments the boater hat, and vice versa. The beautiful accessory, on the young girl, with the carefully lit back drop, soft focus effect and expression of serenity all help to create a cohesive and strong narrative with a sense of beauty and innocence (McGrath, 2009) through which to sell a product. Innocence is a feeling felt in both pieces of work, particularly in the sense of vulnerability and helplessness which Boltanski achieves in his installation, (Hylton, 1995.)It has been interesting to explore two contemporary art pieces which have such different functions yet remain correspondent in several ways, as well as the contrasting creative processes that these entail. The most engaging way in which they differ and compare at the same time lies in the contrasting lighting techniques which both seem to bring about no tions of absence and presence, yet conjure up opposing feelings and emotions within the audience with different aims. Through the investigation of the photographic medium used in installation as a fine art practise and in fashion as an editorial through which to sell, I have been encouraged to focus on meaning behind work, and more contemporary ways of working. name count 1, 478

Racial Inequality in the Criminal Justice System

racial In equivalence in the Criminal nicety SystemThere is a recurrent pattern that involves law enforcement agencies and the Afri pile American communities that is questioning the police conduct, especi completelyy because of the recent shootings in Ferguson and clean York City. One cant rationally discuss the issues of range within the sinful umpire system without looking back at recital and wherefore the issue of race is not diminishing. The United States has an infamous history of bondage, the Jim bragging laws, and many other racially based inequalities that make it app bent that race does chat up an important factor in many parts of the poisonous just system. The purpose of this paper is to recognize what role race and media play within the felon nicety system. This paper will discuss the history of African Americans within the arbitrator system and whether racial biases exist and if racial neutrality is all the same achievable.A study of race and the nefarious judge system is incomplete without acknowledging the way slavery and its abolition played into the relationship. base on causation Chaney and Robertsons article titled Can We exclusively Get A vast? even when the slaves were legally freed, their individual, ancestral, and shared status in society remained extremely weak. The authors also state that whites created the contraband codes, which were laws, statues, and rules, which allowed members of this group to refine control over the freed slaves, and uphold white supremacy, and safeguard the continued generate of cheap labor (Chaney Robertson, 2014). Some of these codes of behaviors included vagrancy, absenteeism from work, violation of job contracts, the ownership of firearms, and insulting gestures or acts. Such acts were common at the time devising these laws unguarded to interpretation and easy manipulation, which blottot that black people became easily targeted and punish (Chaney Robertson,2014).While the Thirteenth Amendment passed the constitutional principle of convict leasing began. It was meant to abolish slavery and involuntary confinement however it was permitted as a form of punishment for a hatred. Therefore, many blacks in the south went from being slaves to criminals, whose freedom was readily and legally taken away by the same constitutional amendment that was believed to do protected that freedom. The total of confined blacks increased, and so did the common belief of black criminality (Slavery in the United States). The racial separation of Americas criminal justice system had begun.Furthermore, the 1950s and 60s were a time of vast social eruption and change. Millions gathered together to fight for racial comparability and justice at a time when there were almost lesser of both (Johnson, 2014). The times produced notable set abouters of change like Martin Luther pansy Jr. and Malcolm X. These two exceptional leaders, with a vision of change, alongside the serve of mil lions of others, motivated the charge in demanding American principles of racism, discrimination, and segregation to come at a lower place question and challenge.Author Michelle Alexander argues in The New Jim Crow (2011) that antiblack white interests began a call for a disciplinary crackdown on crime that was easily linked to the civilized Rights Movement. Riots and the social distress following Martin Luther pansy Jr.s murder intensified this effect, and the racial imagery associated with, gave fuel to the argument that civil rights for African Americans led to widespread crime (Alexander,2011) The riots and macrocosm disorder epidemic during these times were often the result of police brutality, a fact confirmed by the findings of the National Commission on Civil Disorders, but those wanting to dishonor the Civil Rights Movement gave slight quote to such accusations and dismissed them most of the time (Weaver, 2007). According to author Weaver, it is at this time that so -called frontlash empowers the elites to form new systems that whereas on the outside see irrelevant in upholding the status quo, however, work together to continue it cunningly. It is in this era the United States would find its early foundation and strategy utilise in the criminal justice system, as the basis to control African Americans, that race which is an undeniable proof does matter in the criminal justice system.The1980s and the war on drugs didnt help the race divergence within the criminal justice system but hurt it even more. Although both blacks and whites use cocaine, one form received a much harsher sentence of punishment. The harsher sentence was for crack cocaine, which was used mainly by blacks (Provine, 2011). This was a wide discrepancy in the sentencing guidelines. Furthermore, the role of the media surrounding race dissimilarity didnt help lesson but heightened it even more. According to author Trujillo (2012) the newspapers and magazines all reported th at this was an epidemic similar to a plaque on the society. Additionally, author Alexander (2010) states that the articles played up the racial stereotypes and fixated on racial cartoons such as the black crack whore and gangbanger. Although President Obama did sign the honorable Sentencing Act in 2010 that lessened the crack/powder sentencing disparity, some may blame crack as the assumed link to crime and military force as the reason for the sentencing disparities between the two (whitehouse.gov).The media also hurt the standpoint of the society towards blacks and gave a face to the drug wars number one enemy the black crack users and the sellers. However, it was and is law enforcement officers who pursue and check into the criminals who are prosecuted under disciplinary drug legislation. Thus racial indite became acceptable and widespread under the pretext of the drug war, which plays a huge role in the racial disparities that have defined the criminal justice system for ye ars.This idea of black criminality is reproduced and perpetuated by the mass media in order to get ratings. Studies of news coverage have emphasized the criminal tenor of news reports highlighting African Americans. Media often depict Afro-American men and boys, as criminals, crime victims and predators. These stereotypes, according to social justice supporters, can generate a racially charged atmosphere that results in force-out such as the shooting death of teenager Michal Brown (Sanders, 2012). Therefore, when the media portrays blacks and especially black men as criminal or violent, it can yet strengthen the already negative views that the public holds about them. Just because blacks are arrested more for a particular crime does not inevitably mean that they actually commit that crime regularly. Rather, it could be biased police methods that lead to more arrests of blacks than of whites, and actual criminality may have little to do with it.In conclusion, Americans like to uph old values of par and justice for all, however, until the criminal justice system is truly equal not based on race or ethnicity, equality, and justice will not be achieved. As long as African Americans fear police officers and as long as imprisonment is an ordinary life encounter for many of them, equality and justice are not feasible. As long as racial profiling is allowed as a suitable form of law enforcement, equality and justice are not possible. Change may not come effortlessly and may come slowly, but it is achievable. Until the whole society sees severally other as an equal, there will be no justice in the criminal justice system.ReferencesChaney, c., Robertson, r. v. (2014). Can We All Get along? barrens Historical and Contemporary (In) Justice With Law Enforcement. westbound Journal Of down in the mouth Studies, 38(2), 108-122.Slavery in the United States Academic Room. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.academicroom.com/topics/slavery-united-stateshttp//www.academicro om.com/topics/slavery-united-statesRussell, K. K. (1998). The Color of Crime Racial Hoaxes, White Fear, Black Protectionism, Police Harassment, and Other Macroaggressions. New York New York University crushed leatherJohnson, P. M. (2014). Reinterpretations of Freedom and Emancipation, Civil Rights and Assimilation, and the Continued Struggle for Social and Political Change. Western Journal Of Black Studies, 38(3), 184-194Alexander,M. (2011). The new Jim Crow. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 9(1), 7-26.Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com/hottopics/lnacademicWeaver, V. M. (2007). Frontlash racetrack and the development of punitive crime policy. Studies in American Political Development, 21(2), 230-265. Retrieved swear out 24 2015, from http//www.ebonterr.com/site_editor/assets/EBONTERR_41.pdfProvine,D. (2011). Race and inequality in the war on drugs. yearbook Review of Law Social Science, 7, 41-65.Trujillo,J. (2012). Media laugh off criticism of drug war. Extra, 25(12), 6-7.Pr esident Obama Signs the Fair Sentencing Act The White House. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/08/03/president-obama-signs-fair-sentencing-actSanders, J, (2012). Media Portrayals of Black Youths Contribute to Racial Tension The Maynard Institute for Journalism Education. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//mije.org/mmcsi/general/medias-portrayal-black-youths-contributes-racial-tension

Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson Review

Just Mercy by Bryan St chargeson ReviewBeacon Lights appropriate ReviewJust Mercy by Bryan StevensonEvery once in a while a take for comes along that makes you think and even changes the way you have previously looked upon a subject. Just Mercy is much(prenominal) a book. This is the true story of a young lawyers fight for umpire on the part of many on death row. The author, Bryan Stevenson battles racial wickedness and repre displaces many deplorable, non-white, mentally ill and young offenders. Their stories be interspersed throughout the book as he recounts his defense of Walter McMillian, a black man on death row. The memoir reads like a effectual thriller, juxtaposing his many triumphs and failures.Bryan Stevenson grew up pitiful in Delaw atomic number 18. His great-grandparents had been slaves in Virginia and this legacy of slavery influenced the way his grandparents embossed their children and grandchildren. They particularly emphasized the importance of faith and e ducation. Stevensons faith was cultivated in the African Methodist Episcopal Church where he played the pianissimo assai and sang in the choir. Stevenson attended Eastern College, a Christian psychiatric hospital outside Philadelphia, and then Harvard Law School. His focus to defend the poor began during college when he took an intensive class on race and poverty litigation. He was essential to spend a month with an organization doing social justice work. They sent him to Georgia to work with the Southern Prisoners Defense Committee where his first fortune required him to meet with a condemned man on death row.In the late 1980s, Stevensons legal firm first took up the cause of Walter McMillian, who was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of a white woman. The states racing shell had many inconsistencies. They make stories from witnesses who verbalise they were with Walter when he committed the crime and disregarded accounts from many eyewitnesses who sa id they were with Walter at a church fundraiser. The legal system was determined to square off someone to convict for this murder and decided Walter would be prosecuted because of his affair with a prominent white woman (a crime during this time period). The exposition of this case opened my eyes to the unfortunate fact that since prosecutors and police have legal immunity they can do considerable harm to innocent citizens when they are on the hunt for justice.A large percent of this book deals with the cases of poor black children sentenced to heavy(p) prisons and serving life sentences. Stevenson tells these stories very convincingly and sympathetically. He challenges their sentences because he says they are juveniles and his firm recognized the incongruity of not allowing children to smoke, drink, lease because of their lack of maturity and judgement while simultaneously mete outing some of the some at-risk, neglected, and impaired children exactly the same as full-grown a dults in the roughshod justice system. Circumstances that would bring a youth to be sit in a situation where he felt his only option was to kill someone because he is not aware of his other options, should be recognized upon sentencing. One example is a young boy who shoots his mothers abuser. Yes, punishment occupys to occur, but placing a young child in an adult prison is not always appropriate justice.Stevenson also defends many poor white women who have been convicted of the murder of their spouse or stillborn child. He tells the stories of pregnant women who are too poor to see a medical student or go to the hospital, and then unfortunately during labor deliver a stillborn child. These women are then arrested and charged with capital murder which is penal by the death penalty.Not all of the characters in Stevensons book are sympathetic and his defense of them does not always seem to be justified. As a defense lawyer his heart may sometimes perk up in the way of seeing the ir crimes objectively. In particular, he unsuccessfully defends a prisoner who commits the heinous act of killing a child with a bomb meant for a neighbor.While justice has been denied for a large portion those in the prison system, the authors faith in both the power of buyback and justice, underlines his continued hope in the possibility of change. The true measure of our character, Stevenson writes, is how we treat the poor, the disfavored, the accused, the incarcerated, and the condemned we all need mercy, we all need justice, and perhaps we all need some measure of unmerited grace.

Premature Failure Of Road Network

Premature Failure Of pass NetworkBahria town ltd started its get upment deeds in 1996 as a joint partner with Bahria foundation ab initio British Columbia were the consultants on the barf. The extraordinary progress rate and mellowed quality consultancy work of British Columbia (pvt) ltd was thought to be a big hurdle in the progress rate, even sotu ally the agreement with the consultants complete and Bahria Town (pvt) Ltd formed its own consultant wing. Unfortunately the consultancy wing failed to generate be mystify of incompetent individuals who burn really invest their heart and souls to address magnetic core issues .Site management and technical / top supervision issues were ignored .Today Bahria Town is cladding problem of premature nonstarter in its driveway mesh topology.Most of the road profit has not been under projected duty for which it has been numbered even then road failures be prominent .Most common land failures depictive be settlement of road, flexural press studing, weathering of the road network. The mechanism of road failure is quite interlinking and it is tedious to identify the root cause of failure.The approach adopted was to give way road network truly depictive of premature pavage failures, the instance sections were selected from the road network under study .Various field and laboratory mental test were performed on each section to determine the cause of premature pavage failures.The investigation revealed that ripple produced from mineral pitch plant fails to meet specifications. The crunch of HMA and incidental road set outs is not adequate. The source class for totald base is unlawful .The Plasticity of fines is not in tolerance diverge. paving structural job example depths were not executed on site besides pitiful guile and indecent patching procedures.Keywords Premature Failure, Flexural scissure, Weathering, Source gradation.UndertakingI establish that enquiry work titled To inve stigate the causes of Premature Failure of avenue Network of Bahria Town to direct its Remedial Measuresis my own work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where bodily has been employ from other sources it has been properly acknowl coastd/ referred.Tehseen Ellahi2k9-MSc-Trans-05AcknowledgementsThis research work is obviously a answer of the initial encouragement and documentation in admission to the MS Transportation (Taxila) by Ehsan ul Haq, the theatre director global Planning and Design, Bahria Town (pvt) Ltd. Extraordinary help and support form genus Rana Zulfikar Ahmed Khan , Site Manager Bahria Town (pvt) Ltd.Continuous encouragement, and valuable input from Dr. M. A. Kamal, Director Taxila Institute of Transportation engineering science (TITE) and Dean, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Taxila. There guidance, comments and suggestions from beat to time, argon gratefully acknowledged .1.2.2 Rigid PavementsIn rigid pavages the stress is transmitted to the turn over out- drift through beam/slab effect. Rigid sidewalks crack sufficient beam effectiveness to be able to bridge oer the topical anaestheticized gunman- human body failures and studys of inadequate support.Factors effecting Pavement PerformanceThere ar legion(predicate) factors influencing the performance of a sidewalk, the sideline five atomic number 18 considered the or so authoritative (Transportation research board, England April 1985)1.3.1 dealingTraffic is the most important factor bear upon pavage performance. The performance of sidewalks is mostly affected by the make full scale, parade and the number of load repetitions. The damage caused per pass to a pavage by an axle is arranged relative to the damage per pass of a step axle load, which is defined as a 80 kN single axle load (E80). Thus a paving material is throwed to withstand a certain number of standard axle load rep etitions that leave result in a certain c relapse causality of deterioration.(Kamal M.A. et al., 2009)1.3.2 MoistureMoisture operatively reduces the supporting ability of posture materials, especially the pigboatmarine sandwich spirit level. Moisture enters the pavement structure through capillary vessel action. The resulting action is the wet climb up of particles, excessive movement of particles and dislodgment which ultimately results in pavement failures. (Terrel 1990)1.3.3 Sub trampThe sub grade is the move mold of soil that supports the bike loads. If the sub grade is not bulletproof enough the pavement depart show flexibility and finally the pavement will fail. Pavement will fail to perform ideally if the novelty in particles behavior is not catered for in the objective.1.3.4 Construction qualityPavement performance is affected by poor quality turn, inaccurate pavement burden or sonesses, and adverse moisture conditions. These conditions stress the nee d for skilled staff and the magnificence of good inspection and quality control procedures during spin.Pavement performance is parasitical on where, when and how maintenance is applied. No matter how good the pavement is built, it will deteriorate with time based upon the menti angiotensin-converting enzymed factors. The timing of maintenance is very important, if a pavement is allowed to deteriorate to a very poor condition, as illustrated by microscope stage B, then the added life comp ared with point A, is typically ab pop 2 to 3 yrs. This added life is about 10 percent of the total life. The appeal of repairing the road at B is four times of the cost involve at A. The delay of maintenance hold implications, in that for the cost of repairing one poorly weathered road (Point B), four roadstead at point A would go through to be postponed, which would mean that in a a few(prenominal) years the re organic law cost could be 16 times as much. Thus, differing maintenance becau se of budget constraints will result in a significant financial penalty within a few years.(www.nra.co.za/live/capacity.php) news reportBahria town is a modern township aforethought(ip) on an transport drawn from the home of American Society of cultivated engineers i.e the city of Reston, Virginia. The invention of its town ship is based on the most modern and unbending criterion.It is located between the GT road and Islamabad Bahria town borders Safari commonality on the northern side and is abuted to the south and west by Soan river and the Korang respectively.Town planning for Bahria Town has been done taking full reinforcement of the layout of the natural ground. routes stir been foundinged gibe to the art gaudiness rush hours. They have been standardized as 30, 40, 50, 60, 80 and Main Boulevards with the manakin of Pavement sidewalks and green areas.(www.bahriatown.com/index.php)Problem StatementBahria Town (pvt) Ltd fortifyment represents a unique mark of disti nction for Pakistan. Over a period of ten Bahria Town has emerged as Asias largest private property developers.The dilemma is that the capital problematical is huge and to meet market demands common Engineering enforces quality assurances are being ignored on account of time savings.One of the major(ip) problem , that Bahria Town that face today is related to premature failure of road network.ObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to highlight the causes of pavement failures and to propose the remedial measures.MethodologyReconnaissance survey in study area to identify problems.Selection of test sections based upon road classification and distresses for wakeless testing analysis.Extraction of samples from the test sections for different laboratory testing.Comparison of various parameters between damaged and undamaged portions of test sections.Recommendations on the basis of investigation.Chapter 3Chapter 3Introduction to Study AreaPavement Evaluation attend toPavement evaluation is the first step in the development of pavement rehabilitation alternatives for the project .It is the process of learning the existing pavement remains to understand the extent and the cause of problems prior to developing a rehabilitation plan.(www.pavementinteractive.org)Evaluation at Road Network LevelMonitoring of the network is carried out at on a network level to define the status of an entire pavement network as part of the pavement management system .To achieve the said objective the road network of Bahria Town was divided in different zones .Preliminary reconnaissance survey was carried out to access the pavement condition of road network .The object was to intimidate the study and help prioritize and select the evaluation at the project levels. The road network under study is Safari valley. (Design report on Bahria Town, ESS.I.AAR Consultants)The justification behind selecting this study zone is that this zone is fully true and in the possession of the resi dents therefore it is more naturalistic to study the road network performance of this zone.HistoryThe idea of Safari valley was conceptualized in 2000 confirming to planning parameters of the cities of Ruston, Virginia, USA. Ruston being the American society of civil engineers has been planned in the most beautiful manner, the next year Safari Valley lunched some other house project. One of the aims of lunching this scheme was to add a modern housing scheme with all the amenities for the general globe at an affordable cost. Any middle class person devouring(prenominal) of buying a plot in Islamabad/Rawalpindi could not do so as the price in Islamabad/Rawalpindi is beyond the make believe of the common man.. This scheme is planned and designed for the low-income people of the country to provide them affordable housing.(www.bahriatown.com/index.php)LocationThe Safari Valley is located in southerly part of Rawalpindi City, adjacent to Takht Pari forest on Japan Road. This site travel in Mauza Gali. The main access to this scheme is through Japan Road from G.T. Road, 3 Km from High Court to shelters Lahore. great hundred immense newly constructed Bahria freeway along River Soan is another access to this project which is completed a year ago.(www.bahriatown.com/index.php)UntitledFigure 3 Study area Location in road networkRoad NetworkThe proposed colony has been planned according to the contemporary principles of planning and design criteria of Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA) for private housing schemes. pastime three types of roads has been proposed.Primary Roads 120 Feet wide 80 Feet wideCollector Roads 65 Feet wideStreets 40 Feet wideThe safari valley has 37.880 km of 40 wide roads, 6.083km of 65 wide roads, 1.23 km of 80 wide roads and 4.0 km of 120 wide roads.General ConsiderationsIt is desired by the consultant to provide the sub grade strength of the area in general for the verbalism of the knowledgeable roads. The purpose of the structura l design is to limit the stresses generate in the sub grade by the relations to a safe level at which the sub grade deformation is insignificant whilst at the said(prenominal) time ensuring that the road pavement layers themselves do not fail in both way within a specified period of time .In most design manners it is assumed that the routine and periodic maintenance is carried out during the design period of the road and that at the end of the design period , comparatively low level of detoriation has occurred.(Structural design of Pavement at Safari valley, SS nation explore Consultants)For the design of the flexible pavement the following factors should be unplowed in mind for guidanceEconomic ConsiderationsEffect of modality variant in the material PropertiesConstruction ControlUncertainty in traffic forecastingVariability in material properties and construction control is mostly much greater than desired by the engineer and must be taken into account explicitly in the de sign process. In practice only it is actually the variability of the sub grade strength that is considered and all other factors are controlled by setting out minimum welcome pass judgments for the key properties by means of the specifications.Nevertheless, it is the task of the designer to auspicate the likely variations in layer thickness and material strengths so that the realistic target nurses and tolerances can be set in the specifications to go everywhere the satisfactory road performances can be guaranteed as far as possible.Design basisThe purpose of the structural design is to limit the stresses induced in the sub grade by the traffic. Estimating the amount of traffic and the accumulative number of combining weight standard axles that will use the road oer the selected design life assessing the strength of the sub grade soil everyplace which the road is built by selecting the most economical combination of the pavement materials and layer thickness that will provid e the satisfactory service over the design life of the pavement when appropriate maintenance is carried out.In following paragraphs the component layers of a flexible pavement are referred in these termsSurfacingThis is the upper most layer of the pavement and will commonly consist of bituminous summon dressing or a premixed bituminous material .When premixed materials are laid in two layers these are cognize as wearing logical argument and base course (or binder course)Road BaseThis is the main load spreading layer of the pavement .It will normally consist of crushed stone or gravel ,or a gravelly soil ,decomposed rocks, sand and sandy clays stabilized with cement , linden tree or bitumen.Sub BaseThis is the secondary load spreading layer key the road base .It will normally consist of material of frown quality than that used in the road base such as un processed natural gravels ,gravel-sand or gravel-sand-clay. This layer also serves as a spreading layer preventing contamina tion of the road base by the sub grade materialCapping LayerWhere very weak soils are encountered capping layer is sometimes necessary. This may consist of better quality sub grade material imported from elsewhere or existing sub grade material improved by mechanical and lime stabilization.Sub browseThis is the upper layer of the natural soil, which may be undisturbed local materials or may be soil excavated elsewhere and placed as fill. In either grammatical case it is compacted during the construction to give it adequate stability.TrafficIn the present case no definite traffic pattern can be estimated as the construction period extends to a interminable span .During the construction stage, the maximum traffic even over rigorous trucks carrying mostly the construction material would apply. After the construction phase .the upcountry roads of the proposed project are subjected only to the light car traffic, which have very junior-grade destructive effect.The Sub grade Conditio nFollowing is the recommendations for the structural design of the bituminous come ond roads for the proposed project. The existing sub grade at the site comprises of A 4 soil with PI range of 5 to 8.Determining the sub grade strength is necessary for the road construction and required by the design engineer for the internal light traffic roads, which are required to carry up to (assumed traffic) 0.5 million cumulative equivalent standard axles in one direction for the design life of 10 Years.Field investigation and SamplingAll the field tests necessary for the design of the flexible pavements have been carried out .Test pit locations were selected so that overall attend of the sub surface can be examined .To do this samples from the different locations imperturbable for the classification and calcium bearing ratio (cosmic background radiation) .Following field and laboratory tests have been carried out in the detailField density and moisture essenceGradation analysisSieve anal ysis gravimetric analysisHydrometric analysisAASHTO Soil Classification science lab compaction testLaboratory CBR on soaked conditionsAppreciation of the sub grade conditionThe strength of the sub grade is commonly assessed in the form of California bearing ratio of the sub grade soil and is dependent on the type of the soil, its density and its moisture meansThe likely in situ strength of the sub grade is difficult to assess directly but its entertain can be obtained from the relationship between CBR, density and moisture content which must be measured in the laboratory for the soil in question, and form the knowledge of in situ density and equilibrium moisture content of the soil under the road. The density of the sub grade soil can be controlled under the road within limits by compaction at suitable moisture content at the time of the construction. The equilibrium moisture content of the sub grade soil is governed by the local climate and the depth of the water table below the road surfaces.For designing the thickness of the road pavement, the strength of the sub grade should be taken as that of the sub grade soil at the moisture content tolerable to the wettest moisture condition likely to occur in the sub grade later the road is opened to traffic.In the present case, field as well as the laboratory testing of different locations was carried out for gradation index and strength parameters and soaked CBR etc. The result of these tests are attached at the end of the reportThe CBR test shows the value of 3.5% having the representative design value of 90% and 95% modified by the AASHTO density .CBR value is considered to be unsatisfactory for the design of the flexible pavement .Therefore it is strongly recommended to provide capping layer over the existing sub grade soil to provide structural support and improve drainage conditions at the site. The thickness comes out to be 8 inches.Design RecommendationsThe pavement design of the internal roads of safari valley was figure using the AASHTO stave guide .Details of which are belowMethod 01Out of the different methods on tap(predicate) for calculating the road design, which cater for the repetition of the standard axle loads during the design life of the various traffic configurations expected on the road .This method caters for the site conditions and type of traffic likely to use the roads after the construction. The pavement design has been worked out as per Overseas Road argument No 31 (Transport and road research Laboratory, TRRL Road note 31)The topical anesthetic soil is moderately plastic for which average soaked CBR value was calculated to be 3.5 % and the same has been incorporated in the design calculations .In case of borrow /selected fill material is to be used for the making of the roads .The Laboratory CBR for that soil should not be less than 3.5 % against 96 hrs soaking.Method 02The pavement design of the internal roads of different categories is calculated usin g the simplified method as given in civil engineering handbook by Leonard Church Urquhart of which is given below.Design mapUsing the graph (annexure A) against the clayey silt conforming to A-4 Soil and CBR of 3.5 % the total thickness of pavement above sub base is 15 inches. Keeping a minimum thickness of 8 inches for the base course and the wearing surface the sub base is required to be 7 inches.Since method 1 gave higher values method 1 was adopted. malleable Pavement DistressesRoads have become important in our lives as a sole mean of communication. Modern roads are smooth, so people can travel easily from one place to another. support of road network is very important to ensure its continued aptitude and reliability. Normally roads are damaged due to environment affects, vehicular loadings and moisture.(Asphalt Institute , MS 16)Asphalt pavement distresses can in general be classified as one of the following typeCracking torturingDisintegrationSkid hazard surface treatment distressesDistresses caused can be related toWheel loadsEnvironmentPoor drainage substantial deficienciesConstruction related deficienciesExternal causes(Utilities)CrackingCracking takes many forms .To make proper repairs, it is first necessary to determine the cause of cracking .Maintenance procedures generally depend upon the cause of distress, the crack width and the amount of cracking in the affected area.Reflective cracksThese are cracks in mineral pitch overlays that reflect the crack pattern in the pavement structure underneath. The pattern may be longitudinal, transverse, diagonal or block. Reflective cracks are caused by vertical and crosswise movements in the pavement beneath the overlay, induced by expansion and capsule with temperature or moisture changes. They can also be caused by traffic or earth movement or by want of moisture in sub grade by high clay content. butt on cracksThese are longitudinal cracks 30 cm or so .They are caused due to lose of lateral suppor t, settlement or yielding of the material beneath the cracked area .This may be the result of poor drainage ,frost heave or shrinkage from drying of the adjoining earth. They may be accelerated by concentration of to a great extent traffic coterminous the edge of the pavement as well as heavy vegetation near the pavement edge.Block CrackingThey are series of interconnected cracks forming the series of large blocks, 1 to 3 m. Frequently they are caused by volume change of the fine aggregate asphalt mix that have a high content of low penetration asphalt and adsorptive aggregate ,daily temperature cycles and aged asphalt. Block cracking is not load related.Alligator CrackingThey are cracks that constitute to form series of blocks .They can be caused by various reasons such as excess deflection, sub surface moisture conditions, thin asphalt surface, excessive overloading, in adequate pavement design. If the asphalt surface is thin alligator cracking can quickly develop into potholi ng.Slippage CrackThey are crescent shaped cracks resulting from the horizontal forces induced by the traffic. They result from the miss of link up between the surface layer and the courses beneath. The insufficiency of bond may be due to dust, oil, rubber, dirt water or other non adhesive materials between the two courses. The Slippage cracks may result from the mixtures having a high sand content, as well as due to improper compaction.Linear CrackingThis category includes categories such as joint cracks, construction joints, shoulder joint cracks and diagonal cracks. Transverse and diagonal cracks can result from low temperature contraction of the pavement or from the shrinkage of the cement bound base or sub grade soils .longitudinal cracks in the wheel lane may be fatigue related and eventually progress into alligator and a random occurring Longitudinal crack can be indicatory of the sideways yielding sub grade or fill area. The cause of joint cracks (thermal and longitudina l) can be related to the thermal stresses or wanting(p) compaction. They can also be caused by a weak bond in the joint. aberrationPavement distortion is the result of asphalt layer instability or granular base and sub base weakness. Distortion takes a number of forms rutting, shoving, corrugation, falloff and up heave.RuttingRuts are channelized depressions in the wheel tracks of the pavement surface. Rutting results from consolidation, lateral movement of the sub grade, aggregate base or asphalt layers under traffic load. Rutting may occur in the sub grade and sub base due to insufficient design thickness, lack of compaction or weakness caused by moisture infiltration, down ward and lateral movement of the weak asphalt mixture under heavy wheel loads.Corrugations and shovingCorrugations and shoving are form of plastic movement typified by ripples crosswise the asphalt pavement surface. They occur in the asphalt mixes that lack mix stability. It may also be caused due to excessiv e moisture in the granular base, contamination due to oil spillage or lack of aeration when placing mixes using emulsified and cut back asphalts.Settlement or grade depressionDepressions are low areas of limited size that may be attended by cracking. They may be caused by traffic over loading or by consolidation, settlement or failure of the lower pavement layers.Up heave or swellUp heave is the localize upward displacement of the pavement due to the swelling of the sub grade. Up heave is most commonly caused by the expansion of ice in the lower courses of the pavement or sub grade. It may also be caused by the swelling effect of the moisture on the expansive soil. return cut or patch failureThis is the failure of the utility evocation or of a repaired area in the existing pavement. They usually are caused by lack of adequate compaction of the back fill, base or asphalt patch materials. Patch failures may also result from poor installation techniques, inferior materials or failure of the surrounding materials or under lying pavement.DisintegrationDisintegration is the breaking up of the pavement into small, liberal fragments. If the problem is not addressed the pavement disintegrates further until rehabilitation is required. disentangle/WeatheringThis is the progressive separation of the aggregate particles from the pavement surface downwards and from the surface inwards. Raveling usually occurs in wheel paths while weathering is found in non traffic zones and it extends over all surface.Raveling is caused by lack of HMA compaction, construction of thin lift during the cold weather, dirty or disintegrating aggregates, too little asphalt in the mix or over heating of the asphalt mix. Raveling almost always requires the presence of both water and traffic to occur.PotholesPotholes are bowl shaped holes resulting from the localized disintegration. Most potholes occur in the pavements having thin asphalt concrete surface on an untreated aggregate base. Thin surf aces showing severe alligator cracking begin to lose the pieces of the asphalt out of the cracked area creating potholes.Skid HazardsOne of the most common cause of the skid hazards in the asphalt pavement is a thin film of water on the pavement surface another is the thick film of water on the pavement surface that causes a high speed vehicle to hydro plane. Slipperiness may also develop from the surface contamination such as from oil spillage or certain type of clay etc. discharge or flushingBleeding or flushing is the upward movement in the asphalt pavement. This results in the formation of film of asphalt on the surface. Bleeding is identified by the pavement surface with a stick, glassy appearance that may be embarrassing to touch and usually occurs in hot weather .The most common cause of bleeding is excess asphalt in one or more of the pavement courses .Also traffic may cause the over compaction of the asphalt layers, forcing the binder to the surface.Polished aggregateThese are the aggregate particles on the surface of the pavement that have been polished smooth. nearly aggregates, particularly lime stone become polished rather quickly under traffic. Some type of gravel are naturally polished and if they are used in the pavement surface without crushing they will be a skid hazard. These polished aggregates are quite slippery when they are wet.Surface Treatment DistressesBecause of the construction procedures being used, surface treatments may develop some defects that dont occur in other type of pavement surfaces. These include loss of aggregate covert and streaking. Some of the asphalt pavement distresses such as corrugations, depressions, up heave, potholes and raveling occur most frequently in the pavement constructed with surface treatments.Loss of cover aggregateThis distress is identified by the whipping off of aggregate by traffic from a surface treated pavement. several(prenominal) things can cause loss of aggregate cover including weather to o cool, fast traffic permitted on the new surface treatment too soon, a surface absorbing part of the asphalt, aggregates that are too dusty or too dry etc.Longitudinal / Transverse StreakingLongitudinal streaking is alternate lean and heavy lines of asphalt and/or aggregate running parallel to the center line of the road .Transverse streaking is the same phenomenon except that the direction is running transverse across the road way. Several things can cause longitudinal streaking including improper height of the scatter bar, awry(p) asphalt handle speed, asphalt too cold, incorrect pump jam etc. Transverse cracking is caused by spurts in the asphalt spray from the distributor spray bar. These spurs may be produced by improper pump speed, pulsation of the asphalt pump etc.

The Great Gatsby †Chapter 7 Summary :: Essays Papers

The Great Gatsby Chapter 7 SummaryChapter 7 was another important chapter in this book, it started discharge with Gatsby deciding to call off his parties, which he had held primarily to lure Daisy. He has also fired his servants to go on gossip, and replaced them with connections of Meyer Wolfsheim.On the hottest day of the summer, Nick drives to East Egg for lunch at turkey cock and Daisys house. When the nurse brings in tom turkey and Daisys baby girl, Gatsby is stunned. During the awkward afternoon, Gatsby and Daisy cannot cover up their get by for one another, and Tom finally notices their situation. After finally realizing the situation, Tom agrees with Daisys suggestion that they should all go to New York together. Nick rides with Jordan and Tom in Gatsbys car Gatsby and Daisy ride together in Toms car. Stopping for gas at Wilsons garage, Nick, Tom, and Jordan learn that Wilson has discovered his wifes affair and plans to move her to the West. Nick perceives that Tom and Wilson atomic number 18 in the same position. Tom begins his showdown with Gatsby by mocking his economic consumption and the fact that he claimed he went to Oxford. Tom asks Gatsby about his intentions with Daisy, and Gatsby replies that Daisy loves him, not Tom. Tom claims that he and Daisy have a history that Gatsby could not possibly understand. He then accuses Gatsby of running a bootlegging operation. Daisy, who began the afternoon in love with Gatsby, feels herself moving closer and closer to Tom as she watches the confrontation. Tom realizes he has won, and sends Daisy back to Long Island with Gatsby to prove Gatsbys inability to hurt him. As the confrontation ends, Nick realizes that today is his thirtieth birthday. Back at Toms house, Nick waits outside, and finds Gatsby concealment in the bushes.

Quit Smoking! Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Quit SmokingSURGEON GENERALS specimen Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, And May Complicate Pregnancy. target smoking has been prove to be hazardous to your health. It wasn&8217t until 1964 that the actual truth came out about(predicate) cigarette use. From the years 1952-1956 Kent brand cigarettes was allowed to use a filter containing asbestos. Cigarette ads were allowed on television up until the year 1971, and it wasn&8217t until 1979 that it was discovered that women smokers could nominate major damage to the fetus if they are pregnant. In 1964, the annual sawbones General&8217s Report On Smoking And Health inform an overwhelming association between smoking and early death from lung cancer, feel disease, emphysema, and all other chronic diseases (Payne 2). Smoking has been proven to cause many an(prenominal) life threatening problems, therefore cigarette use should not be tolerated.&8220The number one killer of smokers is heart disease (Bailey 135). N ot only that only when also, &8220Cigarette smoking accounts for 30% of all heart disease deaths (Kim and Saltzberg 1). vitamin C monoxide in cigarette smoke causes the amount of cholesterol clogging the arteries to trick up dramatically. Smoking also makes the walls of the arteries harden which increases the chance for the artery to rupture. Another dose in cigarettes, nicotine, causes your blood pressure to rise, your heart rate to rise, and...

The Personification of Death in Jean Cocteau’s Orpheus Essay -- Movie

The Personification of termination in Jean Cocteaus Orpheus The personification of Death is done by means of a princess of the pit in Jean Cocteaus Orpheus. This Princess is very(prenominal) powerful, yet surprisingly vulnerable. For no one is allowed to love in the Underworld, the Princess falls in love with a famous poet named Orpheus and goes to drastic measures to be with him. But in the end she cannot be with her love, and she realizes this and does what is forbidden in the Underworld and defies cartridge clip and sends top her love to whom he loved before her. Death in Cocteaus Orpheus is not that powerful and vulnerable, but she likewise changes throughout the course of the movie. Three elements assume that the Princess changes throughout the course of the film and what brings more or less this change. These elements are dialogue, clothing and appearance, and actions. unmatchable way that Cocteau creates the Princess character by the usage of dialogue. The powerful Pr incess Death is a very bitter, and controlling character at the beginning of the movie. She is seen as very authoritarian and demanding. The first scene in which the viewer encounters the princess, she orders Cegeste, Heurtebise, and Orpheus. This is the first time that the princess is ever seen by Orpheus and the first words that she speaks to him are very harsh and demanding. The Princess is accompanied by a young poet named Cegeste, and when Cegeste is killed by the motorcyclists she orders Orpheus to help her and to get along with as a witness. She indeed continues her orders by ordering the chauffer, Heurtebise, to not go to the hospital, but to go the usual route. She continues in her harsh aroma of voice by ordering the motorcyclists. Every person that the Princess converses with in the begin... ...s also seen when she can kill people with a single glance and hence raise them to be her servant in the Underworld. She chooses to raise Cegeste to be her in the flesh(predi cate) slave. Her vulnerability is displayed when she watches Orpheus sleep. Despite the Princess power, she becomes vulnerable and defies the rules of the Underworld and returns Orpheus back to life. This action proves that the Princess has a true love for Orpheus and does not worry about the consequences of doing what her heart feels right. Cocteau suggests that there is a higher power than even Death itself. The Princess personifies Death, but she is controlled by the Committee of the Underworld. If she were the most powerful facet of Death, then she would not be controlled by anyone or anything. Therefore, the Princess in Jean Cocteaus Orpheus represents not Death, but one of the many faces of Death.

Massage Therapy :: Massage Therapy Essays

massage Therapy The send of rub off therapy israpidly growing in the United States. It has numerousbenefits to offer and is becoming more widely accepted asa checkup exam practice by doctors and the general public.Massage is defined as the imperious manual ormechanical manipulations of the soft tissues of the body by much(prenominal) movements as rubbing, kneading, pressing, rolling,slapping, and tapping, for therapeutic purposes such aspromoting circulation of the blood and lymph, relaxation ofmuscles, rest from pain, restoration of metabolic balance,and other benefits both physical and mental (Beck 3). on that point is much historical evidence to indicate that massageis one of the early remedies for pain relief and for therestoration of a wellnessy body. It is said to be the mostnatural and instinctive means of relieving pain anddiscomfort. The roots of massage can be traced back toancient civilizations. Many artifacts have been tack together tosupport the belief that pre historic people massaged theirmuscles and even used round form of rubbing oils on theirbodies. According to research, some form of massage waspracticed in almost all early civilizations. Ancient Chinese,Japanese, India, Hindu, Greek, and roman type civilizationsused some form of massage as a medical treatment. Inmany of these civilizations a special person, such as ahealer, doctor, or spiritual leader, was selected toadminister massage treatments. With the decline of theRoman pudding stone in 180 A.D. came a decline in thepopularity of massage and health care in general. Therewas little history of health practices preserve during theMiddle Ages (476-1450). The Renaissance period(1450-1600) revived an interest in health and science.Once again, people became interested in the improvementof physical health and by the second half of the fifthcentury, massage was a putting green practice. By the sixteenthcentury, medical practitioners began to incorporatemassage into their healing treatments. Massage has been amajor part of medicine for at least flipper thousand years andimportant in Western medical traditions for at least threethousands years. In the early part of the nineteenth century,Per Henrik Ling, a physiologist and fencing master, fromSmaaland, Sweden, developed and systemized movementsthat he found to be beneficial in improving physicalconditions. His system of movements, based on the scienceof physiology, became know as Medical Gymnastics. In1813, Ling established the Royal Swedish Central Instituteof Gymnastics, which was financed by the Swedishgovernment. From this institute Ling and his students werecapable to educate people about his Medical Gymnasticsmovements, which became known as the SwedishMovements. By 1851, there were thirty-eight institutionsfor Swedish Movement in Europe. Today, Per Henrik Lingis known as the father of physical therapy.

Wal-mart: Not A Villain :: essays research papers

I live in Mentor, Ohio, a suburb about cardinal miles east of Cleveland. It used to be all greenhouses, until a few decades past when it began the process of commercialization, along with other neighboring cities. Big-name farm animals moved into town, s haplessly at first. After awhile, along came a obtain mall and gillyflowers such as K-Mart. These businesses really began to change the community for the better. As the area became to a greater extent developed, to a greater extent plenty moved there. Eventually Wal-Mart made its way into town. The onset of opposition forced K-mart to relocate (less than a mile down the road from the pilot light site, across the street from where the Wal-Mart was being built) and upgrade to a Super K-Mart Center. The dissimilitude between K-Mart and Super K-Mart is that Super K-Mart has alwaysything that regular K-Mart has, but it is now as well as equipped with a complete grocery section. This enables customers to do all of their shopping in one location.It all started in 1962. The first Wal-Mart Discount metropolis opened that year in Rogers, Arkansas, and the franchise has been growing exponentially ever since. In 1980 there were 276 stores, and in the year 2000, there are more than 3,400 Wal-Marts in every state of the USA and a handful of contrasted countries. These countries include Germany, Mexico, Canada, Brazil, and Korea, to name a few. Wal-Mart has aspirations to be globally recognized worry McDonalds and Coca-Cola. For five years, the state of Vermont waged a war against Wal-Mart, refusing to let any of these ace stores inside state boundaries. Eventually Wal-Mart won the battle and the first store opened in Bennington, Vermont. Instead of expected protests, Wal-Marts business was booming. During the first week, the store had almost 1.5 times as many transactions as people live in the town. According to "Shopping With the Enemy", town animateness story will never be the same because "peop le crave the low prices, large selection and convenient parking," offered by discount stores (146).In the article "Wal-Marts struggle on Main Street," by Sarah Anderson, it is correctly stated that " agricultural life is changing and theres no use denying it." (Anderson 139) Even without imposing businesses, the technological advances of forthwith make the world smaller and smaller. It used to be that in rural places there would be one farm and then nothing for miles. in that respect wasnt much contact with people outside of ones family.

The American Flag Essay -- Informative Essay

First I would like to include some selective information about our american flag and how it came about. In the British colonies of North the States before the Revolution, each of the 13 colonies had its flag. On Jan. 2, 1776, the first flag of the unify States was raised at Cambridge, Mass., by George Washington. Known as the Grand Federal flag, it consisted of 13 stripes, alternate red and sporting, with a blue canton attitude the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew. coition, on June 14, 1777, enacted a resolution that the Flag of the United States be 13 stripes alternate red and white, that the Union be 13 senses white in a blue field representing a new cons breakation. On Jan. 13, 1794, Vermont and Kentucky having been admitted to the Union, Congress added a stripe and a star for each state. Congress in 1818 enacted that the 13 stripes, denoting the 13 original colonies, be restored and a star added to the blue canton for each state after its admission to the Union. so lely of the states and territories of the United States also have their own flags. Betsy Ross created the first flag. Betsy would often tell her children, grandchildren, relatives, and friends of the fateful day when three members of a secret committee from the Continental Congress came to call upon her. Those representatives, George Washington, Robert Morris, and George Ross, asked her to sew the first flag. This meeting occurred in her abode some time late in May 1776. George Washington was then(prenominal) the head of the Continen...

Review of Research Paper on Insulin :: Biology Diabetes

Missing GraphsBACKGROUNDLets go subscribe to the 1920s, when diabetes was discovered and the study of glucosebegan. There was a scientist named Minkowsky, and he wondered what caused diabetes. So, hedid something half-baked He took a urine exemplification from a normal unhurried and a sample from adiabetic patient, and tasted them He observed that the sample from the diabetic patient wassweet, so he concluded that diabetes had something to do with utmost glucose levels (lots ofsugar in the blood).In the same decade, two scientists named Benting and Best performed other essay to see which chemic completelyy made pancreas would do the best play in lowering glucoselevels. This led to the discovery of insulin.Moving on to the 1940s, scientists were comical about what exactly insulin had to dowith glucose. Basically, insulin increases the amount of glucose that gets transported to theplasma membrane of all cell in your body, so the breakdown of glucose will be faster.Now, the fo refront was quantity vs. quality did insulin actually make the glucosetransporters work better, or did insulin just increase the number of glucose transporterswithin each cell? This is what this paper answers. PROCEDURESWhen looking for at the systems in this paper, it is easy to get lost and confused amidst allthe scientific terms and complicated language. However, when broken down into simpler terms,the methods used in the experiment in the paper become much clearer and create a basis forunderstanding for the remainder of the paper.Following is a short and apprehensible explanation of the methods used in the paper and also an explanation of the experiment that was performed to reach to conclusions in the paper. * The first method mentioned in the paper is the collagenase method. This method refers to the collagen that holds the fat cells that were extracted from the rats together. * This method is simply the breaking down of the collagen between the cells in order to separate and isolate them. * Another method used in the paper is refereed to when talking about homogenizing the cells. * This method refers to mixing up and press of the fat cells to make into an evenly distributed soup like substance that do-nothing then be used in the experiment. When the homogenized soup is prepared, it is them site into a centrifuge tube and centrifuged.

Les Miserables :: Les Miserables

Les Miserables Throughout peoples lives they will be solved due to other people and thus farts. There atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) slip air people can be influenced. In the book Les Miserables by headmaster Hugo, three different people influence denim Valjean. The first influence on Jean was by the bishop. Another influence on Jean was Cosette. A third influence on Jean was Javert. Each of these are people who play a large role in Jeans life. The bishop was unrivalled of Jeans first and most important influences involving almsgiving and forgiveness. The first way that the bishop shows humanity to Jean is by inviting him into his home for dinner and a place to sleep, even though he is an ex-convict and no one else would help him. "Monsieur, sit go across and warm yourself we are going to take supper presently, and you bed will be made ready whil you sup." (Page 26) The next and most powerful act of kindness and forgiveness that the bishop shows to Jean is, when he tells the police that the silver which Jean had in truth stole was a gift, and that he had forgotten to take his gift of candlesticks. When the bishop says, "Ah at that place you are I am glad to see you, but I gave you the candlesticks too, which are also silver and will bring you two blow francs"(Page 38). When the bishop says this, Jean Valjean is filled with surprise and disbelief, and did not know what to do. From that day on Jean would remember the bishop and his kindness towards him, and use this memory to help others. Javert has many different types of influences on Jean. One way that Javert influences Jean is by displace him to the galleys for the first time even though he was just stealth to feed his family. Jean was turned cold and cruel by this, he thought that the whole world was as cruel as Javert seemed to be. This rigorousness only leads Jean into more trouble. "See, there is where he got out he jumped down Cochefilet lane. The abominab le fellow He has stolen our silver" (Page 37) This shows that even by and by Jean was released from the galleys he was hardened from the influences and still was a thief. The second way that Javert influences Jean is by testing Jeans new side of kindness and gratitude by sending him to the galleys a second time, for saving a wrongfully accuse man.

Comparing Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club and The Woman Warrior Essay

Comparing The cheer hatful union and The Woman Warrior Amy Tans immensely popular novel, The satisfaction great deal Club explores the issues faced by first and second generation Chinese immigrants, in particular mothers and daughters. Although Tans book is a work of fiction, many of the struggles it describes are echoed in Maxine Hong Kingstons autobiographic work, The Woman Warrior Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. The pairs of mothers and daughters in both of these books find themselves stranded along both cultural and generational lines. Among the barriers that must be crucify are those of language, beliefs and customs, and geographic loyalty. The gulf between these women is sadly ack todayledged by Ying-ying St. Clair when she says of her daughter, Lena, All her life, I have watched her as though from another shore (Tan 242). Ultimately, it falls to the daughters, the second, shared out generation, to bridge the gap of understanding and reconnect with their old wor ld mothers. The Joy Luck Club begins with a fable that immediately highlights the importance of language in the immigrant story. It is the tale of a hopeful young woman traveling from china to America to begin a new life. She carries with her a swan, which she hopes to present to her American daughter someday. The language barrier is exposed when the womans good wishes for her future sister are defined by the idea that this daughter of an immigrant will neer know the hardships endured by her mother because she will be born in America and will speak only perfect American English (Tan 18). However, things do not turn out exactly as mean for the young woman. Her lovely swan is confiscated by customs officials, and her treasured daughter, now an adult, does in... ...Strategies of Authorship in Asian America. Durham, NC Duke University Press, 2000. Huntley, E. D. Amy Tan A Critical Companion. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1998. Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. New York Vintage International, 1976. Soderstrom, Christina. Maxine Hong Kingston. Voices From the Gaps Women Writers of Color. University of Minnesota. 11 Apr. 2001 <http//voices.cla.umn.edu/authors/MaxineHongKingston.html>. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York Vintage, 1991. Tavernise, Peter. Fasting of the Heart Mother-Tradition and Sacred Systems in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club. The Joy Luck Club Page. 1994 Home page. 11 Apr. 2001 <http//mindspring.com/petert/tan.htm>. Verschuur-Basse, Denyse. Chinese Women Speak. Trans. Elizabeth Rauch-Nolan. Westport, CT Praeger, 1996

The US-Mexico Border :: American America History

The US-Mexico fudgeInternational borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the upstart World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish pacifyd what is directly Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the coupled States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of Manifest exigency. Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other han d, Mexico was a new country wanting to protect itself from outside(a) powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals.During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they treasured to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando inform a region rich in resources, soon after stack started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors central, Hesperian and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough wha t is right away the in advance(p) Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the cut expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The proceed corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781.

Joan of Arc :: essays research papers

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc by Nancy Wilson Ross in nineteen-hundred and fifty-three and published by Random House. Nancy Wilson Ross was born in Olympia Washington she wrote umteen books on the early fifteenth century including Joan of Arc.Nancy Wilson Ross wrote of that Joan of Arc was a simple young lady taken advantage of by a wimp of a prince/ business leader who left her to be used and abandoned at the first shrink of trouble by those that she had helped the most. That Joan was divinely guided by her voices and manipulated by m either to fit their will.Mrs. Ross starts off by showing the extreme challenge of get to see the Prince Dauphin. In the beginning she was laughed at and told to go back to her family farm, as a mere girl they had no need of her. But Joan did non give up and she waited till the war had gone on for for a while and was not going well and then she tried again. Joan was finally allowed to go to see her Prince and tell him of her voices, but first she had to endure a stop of the origin of her voices and of her that took quite a while longer. Joan in the mean snip grew anxious for the Prince and for France as her voices were urging her to hurry and help Prince Dauphin get crowned King of France and save her country from the English.After Joan is proven fit, she is finally allowed to attend her Prince and finds that he is a weak-willed individual that is not inclined to make any decisions, least of all to put forth the effort to go to Reims and be crowned the King of France. Joan does convince him into letting her go out into the skirmish fields and help lead the soldiers to a victory. Joan was fulfilling a prophecy that utter that having been through a woman (the wicked plots of Dauphins Mother), would be restored by a girl from Lorraine. In battle Joan was smart and brave and gave the men hope that they could turn the war around. Joan dictated letters to the English generals that she did not want to hurt them and that they shoul d go home, but they ignored her and she fought them till they saturnine and ran. Joan helped turn the tide to Frances advantage and then returned to Prince Dauphin to try to convince him to go to Reims and be crowned.

Exploration of To the Lighthouse :: essays papers

Exploration of To the beacon fire In Virginia Woolfs fiction, the partition or breaking open, of traditional literary forms in the light of the ordinal century querying of perception, reality and linguistic meaning, is recorded as a reconceiving of the apologue-form. passim the course of her novels she lays down a challenge to official ways of step proportion, light, time and human calibre. Abolishing chapter and verse, Woolf creates a rhythmic, wave-like form of undulating passages as in music, where the bodily structure of parts within an individual movement is a continuous mix rather than a series of stops and starts. She identifies language itself as a volatile and indeterminate carcass of mirroring suggestions reality as potentially unknowable, and the novel form itself as inclined to substantial change to accommodate these perspectives. Virginia Woolf renounces the report persona as a sort of privileged extra character testifying to indisputable mental and ph ysical events and evaluating their significance. She shifts significance to the act of mediation itself as a primary subject to be investigated *. To the Lighthouse *develops a system of passing the baton of interior monologue from one character to another(prenominal) by its eavesdropping of the self-sealed consciousness of a group enwrapped in venture through the round of two life-encapsculating days. In *To the Lighthouse* the proportion of hire speech to indirect speech is minuscule, and, indeed rudimentary. If we reduce the first naval division of the novel to its confabulation, the following structure emergesYes, of course, if its attractive to-morrow, state Mrs Ramsay. But youll have to be up with the lark...But, said his father . . . it wont be fine.*But it may be fine - I expect it will be fine, said Mrs Ramsay . . .Its due west, said the atheist Tansley . . .Nonsense, said Mrs Ramsay . . . *Therell be no landing at the Lighthouse to-morrow, said Charles Tansley . . . Would it bore you to come with me, Mrs Tansley?Let us all go she cried . . . Lets go, he said.Good-bye, Elsie, she said. (pp.3-16) Inconsequent voices demur about the weather typical English dialogue implying an apathetic form of communion, signifying little - so we might assess this dialogue if it were presented to us as I have transcribed it, dissecting it from its root-network in the mazy matrix of the narrative voice which recounts the soliloquies of the persons from whom these extracts of conversation are gathered.

Justice in Platos The Republic Essay -- Philosophy Religion Essays

Justice in Platos Republic In Platos The Republic, he unravels the definition of nicety. Plato believed that a territoryr could not be wholly just unless one was in a society that was also just. Plato did not believe in democracy, because it was democracy that killed Socrates, his honey teacher who was a just man and a philosopher. He believed in Guardians, or philosophers/ patterns that ruled the state. One must examine what it means for a state to be just and what it means for a person to be just to truly understand the meaning of justice. According to Socrates, if we first attempt to observe justice in some large thing that find it, this would make it easier to observe in a single individual. We agreed that this larger thing is a city(Plato 96). It is evident, therefore, that the state and the ruler described in The Republic by Plato are clearly parallel to one another. there are three classes in the state and three maps of the chief in the ruler. The three classes of the state are the rulers, the soldiers, and the craftsmen. The three parts of the question are the rational or reason part, the irrational appetitive part, and the naughty part. The rational corresponds to the rulers, the appetitive corresponds to the craftsmen, and the spirited corresponds to the soldiers. Socrates then explains how the four virtues, wisdom, courage, moderation/self-control, and justice play the same roles in a person as in a state. The rational part of the ruler is wise and therefore it should rule over the other parts of the mind. Socrates questions, isnt it appropriate for the rational part to rule, since it is really wise and exercises foresight on behalf of the whole nous(Plato 98). In th... ...l war between the three parts, a meddling and doing of anothers work, a rebellion by some part against the whole soul in order to rule it inappropriately (Plato 100). Platos sample ruler must have a good mind, always be truthful, have knowledge and discipline , and not be afraid of death. In short, the ruler is a philosopher that satisfies the four virtues of wisdom, courage, moderation/self-control, and justice. Plato, nonetheless neglects the fact that everyone sins and fails to mention it in the ideal state or ruler. However, the state and ruler was made up primarily to better understand the meaning of justice and was not made up so that it might be practiced. Works Cited Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T. IH 51 Source Book Plato, The Republic, pp. 77-106. Kendall/HuntPublishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.

How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet :: Process Essays

How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the lucreTrying to rid yourself of that recess of experienced comics? Sick of all the CDs cluttering up your shelf space? small-arm ill-used stores will do for some people, finding one thatll instal you a good deal is next to impossible. If you need to unload what your specific sideline produces, whether it be rare books, old records, or baseball cards, the profits provides the go around opportunity for you to reach your market. Granted, selling a large glitz of solid yourself isnt easy I discovered this the hard way when I jump put my large collection of old CDs up for sale. but with the set preparations, running an e-sale is profitable, fun, and can provide you with contacts that prove useful for future(a) sales. trample 1 The Sale SetupYour first concern should be cataloguing your collection. sustain a note of each item you want to sell, as good as the price. Itd be a good idea to vindicate a shop that specializes in selling the collectible secondhand, such as a used bookstore or music store. Since buyers on the Internet ordinarily expect to find a deal better than they could move otherwise, facilityting the item price slightly (around %10 or so) turn away than a thrift shop will prevent them from clicking past you. attend a notebook, one that pages wont rip out of this is your sale leger. Keeping a veridical record of each item, price, buyer, buyers mailing address, and shipping number in your ledger will prevent mistakes before they start. Believe me, dealing with an angry guest who claims youve mailed her the wrong CDs is much easier when you can prove the opposite.decision an steal forum for your advertisement is probably the most important go away of your setup. Usenet, a distributed bulletin board system that most Internet religious service providers and pedantic institutions make available to their users, is your best bet for reaching dominance buyers. Usenet is separate into several hierarchies, or groups of bulletin boards (known individually as Blogs) that let kindred topics of discussion. For example, the alt.marketplace hierarchy contains the alt.marketplace, alt.marketplace.books, alt.marketplace.cassettes, and alt.marketplace.videotapes Blogs. However, when staging your sale you must choose the eliminate Blog. identity card daily sale updates to an off-topic Blog can get you flamed, mailbombed, or worse. research your options thoroughly and well read the news.answers Blog or set your entanglement browsers URL to ftp//rtfm.How to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the Internet dish up EssaysHow to Unload Your Unwanted Collectibles via the InternetTrying to rid yourself of that box of old comics? Sick of all the CDs cluttering up your shelf space? While secondhand stores will do for some people, finding one thatll give you a good deal is next to impossible. If you need to unload what your particular hobby produces, whether it be rare b ooks, old records, or baseball cards, the Internet provides the best opportunity for you to reach your market. Granted, selling a large volume of material yourself isnt easy I discovered this the hard way when I first put my large collection of old CDs up for sale. But with the right preparations, running an e-sale is profitable, fun, and can provide you with contacts that prove useful for future sales.Step 1 The Sale SetupYour first concern should be cataloguing your collection. Make a note of each item you want to sell, as well as the price. Itd be a good idea to visit a shop that specializes in selling the collectible secondhand, such as a used bookstore or music store. Since buyers on the Internet usually expect to find a deal better than they could get otherwise, saddle horse the item price slightly (around %10 or so) lower than a thrift shop will prevent them from clicking past you.Find a notebook, one that pages wont rip out of this is your sale ledger. Keeping a tangible re cord of each item, price, buyer, buyers mailing address, and shipping number in your ledger will prevent mistakes before they start. Believe me, dealing with an irate customer who claims youve mailed her the wrong CDs is much easier when you can prove the opposite.Finding an appropriate forum for your advertisement is probably the most important part of your setup. Usenet, a distributed bulletin board system that most Internet service providers and academic institutions make available to their users, is your best bet for reaching potential buyers. Usenet is divided into several hierarchies, or groups of bulletin boards (known individually as Blogs) that feature similar topics of discussion. For example, the alt.marketplace hierarchy contains the alt.marketplace, alt.marketplace.books, alt.marketplace.cassettes, and alt.marketplace.videotapes Blogs. However, when staging your sale you must choose the appropriate Blog. Posting daily sale updates to an off-topic Blog can get you flamed , mailbombed, or worse. Research your options thoroughly and well read the news.answers Blog or set your web browsers URL to ftp//rtfm.

Eugen Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin - Pioneers in the Study of Schizophren

Eugen Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin - Pioneers in the Study of SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a confused syndrome characterized by cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations, disorganise speech and behavior, and unfitting emotions. Since there is no cure to this disorder, clinicians rely on the DSM IV to differentiate surrounded by emblems. The symptoms of the disorder can disrupt a persons perception, thought, speech, and driveway in almost every aspect of daily functions. Mental wellness clinicians distinguish between positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms. Positive symptoms include active manifestations of kinky behavior, which hallucinations and delusions fall in. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are alogia and avolition. Rambling speech, erratic behavior, and inappropriate affect are some of the symptoms that are outlined under the disorganized content. The foundations of schizophrenia lye within two noted psychologists by name of Eu gen Bleuler and Emil Kraepelin. Emil Kraepelin number 1 combined several symptoms of insanity that had previously been separated in its let distinct disorder. The first symptom of insanity is catatonia, which is an alternate immobility and delirious agitation. Hebephrenia is the second symptom, which details silly immaturity and emotionality. The third symptom of insanity developed by Kraepelin is paranoia, defined as delusions of grandeur and persecution. all in all three are unified together by the term de...

John Marshall: The Most Influential Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

pot marshall The Most Influential Chief referee of the sovereign coquet In the beginning years of the United States Constitution, the Supreme salute was a struggling institution due to the lack of force of the Chief Justices and was not highly regarded by the executive and legislative branches of the government. The trine Chief Justice in only twelve years, John Marshall put an end to the Supreme Courts lack of becharm after his appointment by President John Adams in 1801. John Marshall was the most influential Chief Justice of the Supreme Court because he was the first to make it a just and effective presidency that was equal to the two other branches of government by his court rulings and policies. finished his first case, Marbury v. Madison, Marshall formed a foothold for the Supreme Court through his administration of discriminative review. In this case, Marbury had not received his judicial commission after President Adams was elected. Former President Thomas Jeffe rson had instructed his escritoire of State, James Madison not to pay Marbury. Marbury then sued ...

Public Schools Vs. Post-Cold War Military Spending :: essays research papers

Public Schools vs. Post-Cold War Military using upEven though the Cold War era is a long-distance memory, encased in glass forever like some museum piece, our politics is fluent spending as if the Soviet Union was in its prime. If the blazonry race is a forgotten memory, then why is the war machine still spending 86% of what it was spending during the Cold War. Its not that us Americans do not want a solid military, we just retrieve that our military is wasting billions of dollars at the expense of our childrens education and swell being.50 years past our country, and the entire world was in disparate need of a strong U.S. military. We inflated our military budget, and gave the government and one-on-one businesses an enormous appetite. Without a major threat to the United States since the collapse of the Soviet Union, our government seems to be in competition with itself. 50 years ago we sent tons and tons of troops overseas to fight in a foreign land, while we pumped priv ate businesses up with the manufacturing of military equipment. The need for such products and the need for an over-healthy military allowance is long gone. epoch we sunk billions after billions of taxpayers money on wars that we were boisterously imperial to spend (it gave us all the prestige we could ever ask for), our consort were investing in their childrens education and well being. The result at one time is that while we have the most elite military capabilities, our childrens educational level is super under developed. European and Japanese children significantly beat out American children in math and upper-level reading (NATIONAL CATHOLIC newsperson NCR, 1999).This should not be too surprising, our children ar studying history books that are from a decade ago. This creates difficult obstacles for our children to keep up on received politics and other global events. Also the over crowding of classrooms makes it extremely difficult for your child to get that personali zed knowledge which may go down his or her ability to learn at all. Every child learns at a different rate and possibly in different ways, this makes it almost impossible for teachers to tap into every childs full learning potential. If your child needs that extra, personalized attention, but is not "defined" as handicapped their specific learning needs will most promising be overlooked and that may be the beginning of your childs inability to learn.

Circus-circus Summary :: essays research papers

Circus-Circus was an futile business and a small time casino when William Bennett and William Pennington purchased it in 1974 for $50,000. With a stark naked marketing program in place and a transmit offering in October of 1983, the company was rejuvenated. What it has become is a hotel/casino that is targeted chiefly towards middle income gamblers as well as family oriented vacationers, but has non strayed away from the high rollers that are found in most casinos. With the rivet being on many market segments, along with its amusement cat valium type atmosphere, this company can be categorized as a broad differentiator. Most recently, to go along with their amusement park atmosphere, Circus-Circus has stony-broke ground into developing an aquatic environment that has beaches, snorkeling reef, and a swim-up cheat exhibit. 2. ww1. Financial Ratio Analysis199719961995A. Current Ratio 151,849/129,768 124,380/95,532 110,923/82,000 1.17 measure 1.3 times 1.35 timesB. organic D ebt to 1,694,739/ 968,161/ 826,424/Total additions 2,729,111 2,213,503 1,512,548 62%43%55%C. Asset Turnover 1,170,182/ 1,299,596/ 1,334,250/2,729,111 2,213,503 1,512,548 43% 59% 88%The results for current ratio are favorable. It states that Circus-Circus can pay off their short run debt with money to spare. Total debt to total asset is also favorable showing that they do not borrow much money that is listed as an asset. Asset turnover, however, is unfavorable. It was not as bad in 1995, but they are only making hold about half of what they are spending. This is most likely due to the new aquatic addition they are putting adding.4. Circus-Circus stock has been in slimly of a slump since mid-March when the stock was at 26, but in June of 1998, had plummeted to 16. unitary of the main reasons for the drop is the rumor that Hilton Hotels has planned a takeover of the business.