Development of personality Essay Example for Free

Development of individualality EssayWhen occupying hu human race manner, specific completelyy focusing on the development of personality and crucial to how a person or individual conducts him/herself, psychology offers a conversion of dimensions. The concept of personality is central to the attempt to understand hotshotself and others and is part of the way in which it accounts for the differences that contribute to the great unwasheds individuality. Psychologists let been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in relation to genetic and environmental influences. People have been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. Individuals can choose from as more models they can to help them see themselves better and maintain good relationships. Personality is more than poise, charm, or physical app earance. It admits habits, attitudes, and each the physical, emotional, social, religious and moral aspects that a person possess es. However, to be more precise, the explicit behavioural styles covered in the bleed, perhaps, best captivate an individuals personality and how he/she is understood. With the different behavioral styles, an overall pattern of non-homogeneous characteristics is seen.Like a psychograph, a persons profile is pulled unitedly and at a glance, the individual can be comp ared with other people in terms of relation strengths and weaknesses (Corey 2005). Personality is defined as integrated general characteristics of the individuals total behavior and his or her unique ad furtherment in the environment. Personality theory is a set of assumptions concerning human behavior together with rules for relating these assumptions and definitions to permit their interaction with empirical or observable events.Personality psychology is a scientific study of mental functioning concerning internal drives, inner motive, repressed feelings, thoughts, and conflicts as the nature of personality (Feis t and Feist, 2006). Behavior is depict and analyzed. On this basis, an attempt to predict behavior is possible, and although this whitethorn non thoroughly and completely be effected in some endeavors, the basic understanding then is that there are certain expectations concerning how any person would act or decide upon things that are at bottom his conscious awareness.Psychology is of great importance to man since psychological conundrums are common to group relations, in whatever frame flex a person or group of individuals come from. The goals of treatment for instance, using the psychodynamic model, overwhelm alleviating patient of the symptoms which specifically works to uncover and work through unconscious conflict. The task of psychodynamic therapy is to make the unconscious conscious to the patient (Models of abnormality, National fender College Trust, Ltd).Employing the psychodynamic attitudepoint, the therapist or social scientist believes that emotional conflicts, o r neurosis, and/or disturbances in the mind are caused by unresolved conflicts which originated during childhood years. The treatment modality frequently used includes dreams and free association, at times hypnosis (as like by either the therapist or by the client). In the integrated or eclectic barbel the goal of the therapy is not just relief to the patient or client.Although an immediate relief is very helpful, this may not unendingly be the case in most illnesses. The goal as mentioned is to provide long-term reduction of the symptoms and the occurrence of the disease altogether if possible. The management then is not impossible but incomplete is this easy. Specifically, the counselee or patient must want to heal or believe that there is going to be curative do in the process. It presupposes that he/she must learn to trust the therapist in his/her capabilities as well in persisting or facilitating the changes or varietys.It is very much essential that (in the spot of a cognitive-behaviorist) that the client understands ownership to the deeds and choices in thought patterns he/she made are crucial to the pass or occurring condition that s/he experiences (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). Moreover, the identification of specific treatments or interventions according to the diagnosed issue ordain be accommodated and implemented based on the chosen treatment modalities fit with the therapeutic glide path utilized.It may be a single modality based on a single approach (e. g. education principles and desensitization for a patient with specific phobias) or it maybe a combination of many modalities (CBT, Rogerian, Phenomenological, or Family systems) (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). Promoting therapy Psychotherapists believe that therapy contributes a lot to the improvement of the psychological condition of the client (Snyder, 1994). Therapy can come in many varied forms and the use of these or any of these has been proved to be of vital significance to clients from various walks of breeding and with myriads of problems or mental and emotional challenges.Therapy may be long-termed analytical experiences or reckons or abbreviated problem-oriented treatment/intervention. Whatever the case, these consultations and in-depth interactions and activities mingled with a practitioner therapist and the client in most cases, are beneficial (Mutha, 2002). It is whence wrong to argue that with or without treatment patients recover or improve because elusive issues are overlooked with this statement or findings. Firstly, studies were done with findings that were more correlational rather than experimental (Mutha, 2002).Secondly, the fragment of catharsis is a powerful ingredient or element of the healing process and many of those without seek professional help happened to be with a support group whose experiences were years of gaining knowledge and skills from the experts and experienced counselors (Mutha, 2002). It is accredited that there have been substantial evidences as well that improvement with cases have occurred these are usually attributed the same reasons. Specifically, psychotherapy enables a client or patient to help ease his anxiety, managing his fears from the mundane or picayune to the horrific.Quality of life, wellness and recovery are primary goals aside from the usual notion that psychotherapy is just a crutch for someone who may not actually have a real psychological problem (Snyder et al, 2000). This last phrase is true for some people who needed more than the advice or the listening ear precisely, they needed a human ace who is intent on knowing and understanding them. Personality cognitive theories are concerned with constructive alternativism with which the alternative scientific constructs may provide a useful view of the world.George Kellys the Psychology or Personal Construct Social cognitive theories explain personality as a reciprocal interaction among behavior invol ving observation, cognition including self-efficacy, and environment making a chance encounter and fortuitous events (Feist and Feist, 2006). Albert Banduras Social Cognitive theory Cognitive social teaching theories describe behavior as a function of the expectation of reinforcements and strength of needs satisfied by those reinforcements.Behavior is make by the interactions of person variables much(prenominal) as competencies, encoding, strategies, expectancies, values and goals, and the self-regulatory system with situation variables (Feist and Feist, 2006). behavioural Model The Behavioral model utilizes what is termed as the skill theory posited by Skinner and Watson and the rest of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i. e. , conditioning (Associative and Operant) are effective means to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is focused on the symptoms that a person is experiencing.Just as many of the errors of the patterns of behavior come from learning from the environment, it is also assumed that an individual forget be able to unlearn some if not all these by using the techniques as applied based on the learning principles. To a certain finish this still works reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many people this stance can be separate or distinct from the Cognitive-Behavioral approach. In behavior therapy therefore, thoughts, feelings and all those malfunctioning and unwanted manifestations revealed in ones activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior therapist.The basic concepts include extinguishing utilized when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and take away and in their place habits that are healthy are established ( certain and strengthened) in a series or progressive approach called successive approximations. When these ( incidentors) are reinforced such as through rewards in natural and extrinsic means, the potential of a more secure and steady change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Corey, 2005).Although few psychologists instantly would regard themselves as strict behaviorists, behaviorism has been very authoritative in the development of psychology as a scientific discipline. There are different emphases within this discipline though. Some behaviorists contend plainly that the observation of behavior is the best or most advantageous rule of exploring psychological and cognitive processes. Others consider that it is in reality the only way of examining such processes, mend still others argue that behavior itself is the only appropriate subject of psychology, and that familiar psychological terms such as belief only refer to behavior.Albert Banduras social cognitive approach grew out of this movement. Banduras method emphasizes cognitive processes over and above observable behavior, concentrating on not only the influence of the persons upbringing for example, but also observa tion, imitation, and thought processes (Corey, 2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Model Becks Cognitive Therapy The Becks Cognitive therapy is one of the most popular and widely studied therapies in the market today and countless times proven the effectiveness of the treatment style or the kind of interventions that had been favored by the doctors.Its stance boils down to appreciating the effects of biology, emotions and environment on the individual and pursues changes in those levels (Padesky and Mooney, 1990). There are various adaptations or revisions of the strategy today and remains to be top of the list in mental institutions all over the world. In the cognitive approach alone, it understands that an individual at varying times in his life has error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, impossible expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing.These habits lead to confusion , frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and prescribed worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the situation that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had handsome choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Cognitive-Behavioral approach facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist (Ellis Beck in Corey, 2004). For the Cognitive Behaviorist viewpoint, issues are dealt directly in a realistic way. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be reorganized. For in stance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his responsiveness to the issue.When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). The systems theory distribute of the therapy indicates that whatever is occurring or happening is not isolated but is a working part of a bigger context. In the family systems approach then, no individual person can be understood when aloof from his relationships whether in the present or past, and this is specially focused on the family he belongs to (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient and therapist.With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to piss a trusting relationship and agree which problems or issues need to come first in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immedi ate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from takes precedence and must be addressed and focused in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be encouraged or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible.The relief from the symptoms from the primary problem or issue will inspire the client to imagine or think that change is not impossible after all. In this model, issues are dealt directly in a practical way. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the formers routine is to change or modify the latters maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing.These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappoin tment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had heavy(a) choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Just as the cognitive-behavioral model also recognizes the concept of insight as well, this is only a matter of emphasis or focus. In behavioral/cognitive-behavioral therapies the focus is on the modification or control of behavior and insight usually becomes a tangential advantage. Techniques include CBT through such strategy as cognitive restructuring and the current frequently used REBT for Rational Emotive-Behavior Therapy where irrational beliefs are eliminated by examining them in a rational manner (Corey, 2004 Davison a nd Neale, 2001).Whereas in insight therapies the focus or emphasis is on the patients ability in understanding his/her issues basing on his inner conflicts, motives and fears. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a client or patient comes into the healing relationship and the formers role is to change or modify the latters maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns may include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing.These habits lead to confusion, frustration and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are ma ny things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004).Coaching the patient on the timber by step procedure of CBT is a basic and fundamental ingredient. Here the client is enlightened as to the patterns of his thinking and the errors of these thoughts which bore fruit in his attitudes and behavior. His/her thoughts and beliefs have connections on his/her behavior and must therefore be reorganized. For instance, the ways that a client looks at an issue of his/her life will direct the path of his reactivity to the issue. When corrected at this level, the behavior follows automatically (Rubinstein et al. , 2007 Corey, 2004).