Metaphysics; Plato and Aristotle Essay

a. IntroductionAs a major duty assignment for this phase, you ar to relieve an analyse study on a topic relating to the subject matter of the course and drawing off on course material. This should be a new composition, written by you individu altogethery, specifically for this class.You have two alternatives to do this assignment.First option You rout out write an essay makeup in a rather virtuous style by selecting one of the listed topics in part b. If you decide to do the first option, you be requisite to plunk one of the listed topics and write a philosophical essay according to the description provided for apiece topic. Second option You nominate conduct a philosophical project and write an essay on the findings of the project. For this option, you need to become an undercover philosopher and interview 5 divers(prenominal) sight on a philosophical topic m some othern in part c. The final outcome of your project should include the interviews results and your s timulate analysis.irrespective of the option you claim you are required to follow these criteriaYou are required to do whole one of the mentioned options. But it is better to make decision as soon as possible since it forget take cartridge holder to accomplish either of them.This assignment is due no later than 1159 p.m. on Monday, April 28. Late composings lead only be accepted with an appropriate excuse and a mention deduction.Your paper entrust be submitted via TurnItIn through the chalkboard site for the course. Just so you are aware, TurnItIn automatically checks your paper for piracy and will catch it if you try. No netmail or paper submission will be accepted.You should use the MS Word template file provided in your Blackboard. Papers not brisk in that coiffe will not be graded.The final paper should be named as Your Last Name_Your EU ID_Your Course Section.DOCX o For mannikin if your last name is Jones and your EU ID is mhj034 and you are in PHIL 1050 section 001 and thusly your file name should be Jones_mhj034_001.docx. Another example Ahmadi_kia9801_002.docx for student named Ahmadi with kia9801 as EU ID taking 002 section of the course.There must be _ (underline) grammatical case between name, EU ID, and class section. o EU ID is the ID you use to login to your Blackboard account. You substructure find your class section by looking at the title of the course listed in your Blackboard account.Your paper must be no less than 1000 and no more than 1500 words (this is force only this is not counting name, title, footnotes, bibliography, etc.) Papers with less than 1000 or more than 1500 words will be graded with a point deduction.You may find a PDF copy of Writing Philosophy on Blackboard, it is strongly recommended that you utilize this resource to help you write a ingenuous paper.All sources, including assigned readings, must be mental strainally mobilized according to the pelf Manual of Style (resources for which asshole b e found online). Use of utility(prenominal) sources is strongly encouraged but not required. Remember that failure to list sources technically constitutes plagiarism For pass on information, you potful review the universitys indemnity on academic integrity at http//www.vpaa.unt.edu/academic-integrity.htm.Regarding citations, long quotes of 4 or more lines are not allows and will result in a noticeable point penalty if used. Remember alike that not only direct quotes also paraphrasing of another(prenominal) persons material must be formally cited.All sources must be listed as footnotes. No bibliography or reference list at the end of the paper is required. pass on details intimately citation can be found in the MS Word template file in your Blackboard account.This assignment makes up 25 out of 100 points for your final grade. You will be graded equally on writing, your summary of material, and your own critical response. beyond these you can lose points for having a paper tha t is too short, failing to cite sources, or in every other appearance failing to stand by to the instructions and criteria for the assignment.Grading CriteriaAn A paper is one that follows all format requirements, is at the standards of college writing, contains an excellent summary of course material, andshows alimonyful opinion about the topic.A B or C paper is one that follows close format requirements, is at or near the standards of college writing, contains a summary that shows a good or at least basic get winding of course material, and shows your own sound offing about the topic.A D or F paper is one that is well below the paper requirements or the standards of college writing, contains a summary which shows a poor understanding of course material, and/or where any thought of your own on the topic is lacking. And, of course, any paper containing plagiarism will receive an F.Given that this a college course, it is expected that all students are capable of a certain leve l of writing quality. If you touch sensation that your writing skills are not the best, I would strongly encourage you to undertake help from the UNT Writing Lab (http//www.unt.edu/writinglab/).b. First Option Classic testFor your essay you may select from a list of topics below. Your topic will mean two aspects. First, you should summarize a theory or go by of theories of philosophy that we have learned or discussed in class. Second, you should give your own disceptation for what is the proper view regarding that topic. Your paper must have two a summary of course material and your own original deliberateing on the topic, in roughly equal measure.Essay Topics If you decide to write a classic essay paper you are required to choose one of the following topics. Otherwise you could do the uphold option depict in part c. (1) Metaphysics Plato and Aristotle First,summarize Platos theory of the Forms as crowning(prenominal) reality (The Republic). Then, summarize Aristotles the ory of the four causes and form/matter as ultimate reality (Physics). The second fractional of your paper should critically compare and bank line the two, and give your own argument for which you think is more correct, and ultimately province and argue for what you think the authoritative nature of reality is. (2) familiarity Descartes and Hume The first half of your paper will involve summarizing Descartes view of acquaintance (Meditations), then summarizing Humes view of familiarity (Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding). The second half of your paper should critically compare and contrast the two, and give your own argument for which you think is more correct, and ultimately state and argue for how you think we acquire true knowledge and what the limits of knowledge are.(3) Cogito Argument and Counter-Argument The first half of your paper involve summarizing Descartes arguments in support of Cogito and philosophical implications of it (Meditations), then summarizing an s trong counter argument from another philosopher (Modern or Contemporary) against Cogito and its implications. The second half of your paper should critically compare and contrast the two, and give your own argument for which you think is more correct, and ultimately state and argue for the relevance and validity of Cogito argument. (4) Ethics Aristotle and Kant The first half of your paper will involve summarizing Aristotles virtue ethics (Nicomachean Ethics, books I and II), then summarizing Kants deontological ethics (Foundation for the Metaphysics of Morals).The second half of your paper should critically compare and contrast the two, and give your own argument for which you think is more correct, and ultimately state and argue for what you think is the proper orgasm to ethics, including whether ethics should be approached through good character or rules for action. (5) Knowledge and Method Aristotle and Descartes The first half of your paper will involve summarizing Aristotles view on knowledge and method (Physics), with emphasis on the Empiricist method and his teleological account of nature and further will involve summarizing Descartes view (Meditations), with emphasis on the Rationalist method and Cartesian doubt. The second half of your paper should critically compare and contrast the two, giving the pros and cons of distributively as well as your owncritical reflection on the proper approach and method for knowledge.c. Second Option Philosophical befuddleFor this option you are required to interview quin different people on a philosophical topic listed below. First you need to understand the topic well in order to conduct your interviews. Then you pick your interviewees and learn the questions. You need to accurately record their answers. Then you summarize each interviewees responses in a very concise but piss split up. To do this you need to extract the philosophical core implied in the answers. You should not scarce write down everything t hey say, because only philosophical arguments of their responses are important and applicable to this work. You should beseech your questions is a way that makes interviewees reveal their principles or assumptions regarding the topic. Then you give your original thinking on those philosophical arguments and principles by comparing, criticizing, and challenging them. largely give tongue toing, your essay should include at least 8 carve ups. First paragraph should include the questions you asked in your interviews. Five close paragraphs could be dedicated to the summaries of five interviews, and one paragraph for comparing the philosophical arguments and criticizing them, and one last paragraph for presenting your original thoughts on the issue. You should be creative in your questions and let the interviewees speak in their own voices. further you should guide the interview so that you can grasp the underlying philosophical principles. You should not include the interviewees na me or identity in the paper. This is implicitly against UNT regulations for such(prenominal) research. Also you dont need IRB approval since this is only a class assignment and the results will not be published in any way.Interview Topics(1) estimable relativism. The main question is is ethics comparative or unquestioning?. However in addition to this question you should ask more questions to make the interviewees uninfected about their idea of respectable principles. You should ask interviewees to explain their reasons with examples. Also you can challenge their responses by giving them counter-examples. For example, for a person who thinks ethics is relative, acounter argument could be then everything is correct at the like measure or why killing innocent people for summercater is always wrong then? Or for a person who intends that honorable principles are absolute, a counter example is what if an ethically wrongdoing (such as lying to a murderer, or torturing a terroris t) is the only way to stop a disaster? (2) Absolute Truth. The main question is is thither an absolute truth? You should ask interviewees to explain their reason. Also you should ask them if absolute truth depends on clement mind or whether or not is attainable by gentlemans gentleman mind. A challenge to people who believe in absolute truth is how exactly they know on that point is an absolute truth? or how can they justify their position? On the other hand, if they believe in relativity of truth, then the challenge is then everything can be true or false at the same time and this is contradictory (isnt it?). Also you can ask if scientific truths are relative in their opinion or not. In addition, they should make it hold on what parameters truth depends (e.g. social contract, power, culture, personal preference, utility, etc). And also if truth is relative then why do we think we know the physical serviceman better than ancient thinkers (dont we?)(3) Environmental Ethics. The main question is do we have moral duty to nature and environment? You should ask questions such as are we morally creditworthy for nature and environment?, is there anything morally wrong about destroying nature (intentionally or unintentionally)?, what if destroying nature is demand for human heart? and what makes us responsible for nature? You can also ask questions about what elements and aspects in nature makes us responsible. For instance, we are responsible because it is useful for us, or because it is beautiful, or because animals and plants are alive (like us), or it is because of the next generations that we are responsible? Or combination of them.You should explain what sort of ethical relationship each interviewee is assuming between them and nature. Also do they think that human is just a plain member of ecosystem or supererogatory member who stands above everything because it is human organism? Also to what extent we should care for nature? (4) Existence. The main q uestion is what makes our existence valuable?. You may ask questions such as why we are here?, why we should not kill ourselves?, what is the most valuable in human life?, what makes life worthy of living?, what isvaluable about existence?, is the any consumption in human life? and is there any meaning in human existence?.(5) Being Human. The main question is what is human being? Under this topic you should ask the interviewees to give a very clear and concise definition of human being and then ask them further questions to challenge their definition. For example, if human being is defined as a rational animal, then why we consider mentally impaired humans as human being? The main concern in this topic is to clarify the essence of human being. Also you should ask them to explain how philosophy/ information/religion can help us understand the nature of human being. Also you may ask them to clarify whether or not human being has a fixed nature /essence. In this regards you can ask do you think human beings have changed in their nature/essence over the course of history? Also you may ask them how can we grasp the truth about human nature.P